Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
Recent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acquisitio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00356/full |
| _version_ | 1818820951652958208 |
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| author | Jochen eVandenbossche Natacha eDeroost Eric eSoetens Daphné eCoomans Joke eSpildooren Sarah eVercruysse Alice eNieuwboer Eric eKerckhofs |
| author_facet | Jochen eVandenbossche Natacha eDeroost Eric eSoetens Daphné eCoomans Joke eSpildooren Sarah eVercruysse Alice eNieuwboer Eric eKerckhofs |
| author_sort | Jochen eVandenbossche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acquisition of automaticity. The observed deficits in automaticity and executive functioning indicate that both processes are malfunctioning in freezers. Therefore, to explain FOG from a cognitive-based perspective, we present a model describing the pathways involved in automatic and controlled processes prior to a FOG episode. Crucially, we focus on disturbances in automaticity and control, regulated by the frontostriatal circuitry. In complex situations, non-freezing PD patients may compensate for deficits in automaticity by switching to increased cognitive control. However, as both automatic and controlled processes are more severely impaired in freezers, this hampers cognitive compensation in FOG, resulting in a potential breakdown. Future directions for cognitive rehabilitation are proposed, based on the cognitive model we put forward. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:00:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19f9a8909db34bc4942bcc3cee74a722 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:00:27Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-19f9a8909db34bc4942bcc3cee74a7222022-12-21T20:48:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612013-01-01610.3389/fnhum.2012.0035638916Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and controlJochen eVandenbossche0Natacha eDeroost1Eric eSoetens2Daphné eCoomans3Joke eSpildooren4Sarah eVercruysse5Alice eNieuwboer6Eric eKerckhofs7Vrije Universiteit BrusselVrije Universiteit BrusselVrije Universiteit BrusselVrije Universiteit BrusselKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenVrije Universiteit BrusselRecent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acquisition of automaticity. The observed deficits in automaticity and executive functioning indicate that both processes are malfunctioning in freezers. Therefore, to explain FOG from a cognitive-based perspective, we present a model describing the pathways involved in automatic and controlled processes prior to a FOG episode. Crucially, we focus on disturbances in automaticity and control, regulated by the frontostriatal circuitry. In complex situations, non-freezing PD patients may compensate for deficits in automaticity by switching to increased cognitive control. However, as both automatic and controlled processes are more severely impaired in freezers, this hampers cognitive compensation in FOG, resulting in a potential breakdown. Future directions for cognitive rehabilitation are proposed, based on the cognitive model we put forward.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00356/fullExecutive FunctionParkinson Diseasecognitive controlautomaticityfreezing of gait |
| spellingShingle | Jochen eVandenbossche Natacha eDeroost Eric eSoetens Daphné eCoomans Joke eSpildooren Sarah eVercruysse Alice eNieuwboer Eric eKerckhofs Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Executive Function Parkinson Disease cognitive control automaticity freezing of gait |
| title | Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control |
| title_full | Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control |
| title_fullStr | Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control |
| title_short | Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in automaticity and control |
| title_sort | freezing of gait in parkinson s disease disturbances in automaticity and control |
| topic | Executive Function Parkinson Disease cognitive control automaticity freezing of gait |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00356/full |
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