Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study
ObjectiveThis study aimed to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.MethodsA sample of 1,266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 du...
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| Format: | Article |
| Sprog: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Serier: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Fag: | |
| Online adgang: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1259660/full |
| _version_ | 1827763947404525568 |
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| author | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez José A. Arias-Navalón José D. Martín-Guerrero José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Margarita Cigarán-Méndez |
| author_facet | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez José A. Arias-Navalón José D. Martín-Guerrero José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Margarita Cigarán-Méndez |
| author_sort | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThis study aimed to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.MethodsA sample of 1,266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were assessed at 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of the following self-reported cognitive symptoms: brain fog (defined as self-perception of sluggish or fuzzy thinking), memory loss (defined as self-perception of unusual forgetfulness), and concentration loss (defined as self-perception of not being able to maintain attention). We asked about symptoms that individuals had not experienced previously, and they attributed them to the acute infection. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records.ResultsThe Sankey plots revealed that the prevalence of post-COVID brain fog was 8.37% (n = 106) at T1, 4.7% (n = 60) at T2, and 5.1% (n = 65) at T3, whereas the prevalence of post-COVID memory loss was 14.9% (n = 189) at T1, 11.4% (n = 145) at T2, and 12.12% (n = 154) at T3. Finally, the prevalence of post-COVID concentration loss decreased from 6.86% (n = 87) at T1, to 4.78% (n = 60) at T2, and to 2.63% (n = 33) at T3. The recovery exponential curves show a decreasing trend, indicating that these post-COVID cognitive symptoms recovered in the following years after discharge. The regression models did not reveal any medical record data associated with post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss in the long term.ConclusionThe use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss during the first years after the infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decrease in the prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after hospital discharge. No risk factors were identified in this cohort. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:57:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19fcc7ff0b8549e88a3b3692beb073ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:57:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-19fcc7ff0b8549e88a3b3692beb073ed2023-11-13T03:43:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612023-11-011710.3389/fnhum.2023.12596601259660Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter studyCésar Fernández-de-las-Peñas0César Fernández-de-las-Peñas1Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo2Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez3José A. Arias-Navalón4José D. Martín-Guerrero5José D. Martín-Guerrero6Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero7Lars Arendt-Nielsen8Lars Arendt-Nielsen9Lars Arendt-Nielsen10Margarita Cigarán-Méndez11Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, SpainCenter for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, SpainSchool of Medicine, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, SpainIntelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, SpainValencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence (ValgrAI), València, SpainImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, Paterna, València, SpainCenter for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DenmarkSteno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, SpainObjectiveThis study aimed to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.MethodsA sample of 1,266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were assessed at 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of the following self-reported cognitive symptoms: brain fog (defined as self-perception of sluggish or fuzzy thinking), memory loss (defined as self-perception of unusual forgetfulness), and concentration loss (defined as self-perception of not being able to maintain attention). We asked about symptoms that individuals had not experienced previously, and they attributed them to the acute infection. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records.ResultsThe Sankey plots revealed that the prevalence of post-COVID brain fog was 8.37% (n = 106) at T1, 4.7% (n = 60) at T2, and 5.1% (n = 65) at T3, whereas the prevalence of post-COVID memory loss was 14.9% (n = 189) at T1, 11.4% (n = 145) at T2, and 12.12% (n = 154) at T3. Finally, the prevalence of post-COVID concentration loss decreased from 6.86% (n = 87) at T1, to 4.78% (n = 60) at T2, and to 2.63% (n = 33) at T3. The recovery exponential curves show a decreasing trend, indicating that these post-COVID cognitive symptoms recovered in the following years after discharge. The regression models did not reveal any medical record data associated with post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss in the long term.ConclusionThe use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss during the first years after the infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decrease in the prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after hospital discharge. No risk factors were identified in this cohort.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1259660/fullCOVID-19brain fogmemory lossconcentrationSankey plots |
| spellingShingle | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez José A. Arias-Navalón José D. Martín-Guerrero José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Margarita Cigarán-Méndez Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study Frontiers in Human Neuroscience COVID-19 brain fog memory loss concentration Sankey plots |
| title | Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study |
| title_full | Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study |
| title_fullStr | Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study |
| title_short | Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study |
| title_sort | trajectory of post covid brain fog memory loss and concentration loss in previously hospitalized covid 19 survivors the long covid exp multicenter study |
| topic | COVID-19 brain fog memory loss concentration Sankey plots |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1259660/full |
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