Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany
Abstract Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Virology Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02074-3 |
| _version_ | 1797811940796399616 |
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| author | Conrad M. Freuling Andreas Hlinak Christoph Schulze Julia Sehl-Ewert Patrick Wysocki Claudia A. Szentiks Klaus Schmitt Peter Wohlsein Gesa Kluth Ilka Reinhardt Thomas C. Mettenleiter Thomas Müller |
| author_facet | Conrad M. Freuling Andreas Hlinak Christoph Schulze Julia Sehl-Ewert Patrick Wysocki Claudia A. Szentiks Klaus Schmitt Peter Wohlsein Gesa Kluth Ilka Reinhardt Thomas C. Mettenleiter Thomas Müller |
| author_sort | Conrad M. Freuling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates. Methods PrV in dogs was detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population. Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2006–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means. Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19fd9a4855f149d5b75648f37f576dd9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-422X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-19fd9a4855f149d5b75648f37f576dd92023-06-04T11:06:33ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2023-06-0120111110.1186/s12985-023-02074-3Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in GermanyConrad M. Freuling0Andreas Hlinak1Christoph Schulze2Julia Sehl-Ewert3Patrick Wysocki4Claudia A. Szentiks5Klaus Schmitt6Peter Wohlsein7Gesa Kluth8Ilka Reinhardt9Thomas C. Mettenleiter10Thomas Müller11Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-InstitutBerlin-Brandenburg State LaboratoryBerlin-Brandenburg State LaboratoryDepartment of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-InstitutFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of EpidemiologyIZW - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchLandesamt für Verbraucherschutz SaarlandDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationLUPUS – German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and ResearchLUPUS – German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and ResearchFriedrich-Loeffler-InstitutInstitute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-InstitutAbstract Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates. Methods PrV in dogs was detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population. Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2006–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means. Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02074-3PseudorabiesAujeszky’s diseaseSuid herpesvirusWild boarsDogsFoxes |
| spellingShingle | Conrad M. Freuling Andreas Hlinak Christoph Schulze Julia Sehl-Ewert Patrick Wysocki Claudia A. Szentiks Klaus Schmitt Peter Wohlsein Gesa Kluth Ilka Reinhardt Thomas C. Mettenleiter Thomas Müller Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany Virology Journal Pseudorabies Aujeszky’s disease Suid herpesvirus Wild boars Dogs Foxes |
| title | Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany |
| title_full | Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany |
| title_fullStr | Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany |
| title_short | Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany |
| title_sort | suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of aujeszky s disease in carnivores in germany |
| topic | Pseudorabies Aujeszky’s disease Suid herpesvirus Wild boars Dogs Foxes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02074-3 |
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