NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction
Glutamate plays a pivotal role in drug addiction, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype serves as a molecular target for several drugs of abuse. In this review, we will provide an overview of NMDA receptor structure and function, followed by a review of the mechanism of acti...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2013-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/2/251 |
| _version_ | 1818342283093737472 |
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| author | M. Foster Olive Natali E. Nemirovsky Seven E. Tomek Amber L. Lacrosse |
| author_facet | M. Foster Olive Natali E. Nemirovsky Seven E. Tomek Amber L. Lacrosse |
| author_sort | M. Foster Olive |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glutamate plays a pivotal role in drug addiction, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype serves as a molecular target for several drugs of abuse. In this review, we will provide an overview of NMDA receptor structure and function, followed by a review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and side effect profile of NMDA receptor ligands that are currently in use or being explored for the treatment of drug addiction. These ligands include the NMDA receptor modulators memantine and acamprosate, as well as the partial NMDA agonist D-cycloserine. Data collected to date suggest that direct NMDA receptor modulators have relatively limited efficacy in the treatment of drug addiction, and that partial agonism of NMDA receptors may have some efficacy with regards to extinction learning during cue exposure therapy. However, the lack of consistency in results to date clearly indicates that additional studies are needed, as are studies examining novel ligands with indirect mechanisms for altering NMDA receptor function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:12:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19fe5b267ae64db28020b467e2c4b45d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:12:13Z |
| publishDate | 2013-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-19fe5b267ae64db28020b467e2c4b45d2022-12-21T23:38:54ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472013-02-016225126810.3390/ph6020251NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug AddictionM. Foster OliveNatali E. NemirovskySeven E. TomekAmber L. LacrosseGlutamate plays a pivotal role in drug addiction, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype serves as a molecular target for several drugs of abuse. In this review, we will provide an overview of NMDA receptor structure and function, followed by a review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and side effect profile of NMDA receptor ligands that are currently in use or being explored for the treatment of drug addiction. These ligands include the NMDA receptor modulators memantine and acamprosate, as well as the partial NMDA agonist D-cycloserine. Data collected to date suggest that direct NMDA receptor modulators have relatively limited efficacy in the treatment of drug addiction, and that partial agonism of NMDA receptors may have some efficacy with regards to extinction learning during cue exposure therapy. However, the lack of consistency in results to date clearly indicates that additional studies are needed, as are studies examining novel ligands with indirect mechanisms for altering NMDA receptor function.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/2/251glutamateN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorglycine binding siteantagonistpartial agonist |
| spellingShingle | M. Foster Olive Natali E. Nemirovsky Seven E. Tomek Amber L. Lacrosse NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction Pharmaceuticals glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine binding site antagonist partial agonist |
| title | NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction |
| title_full | NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction |
| title_fullStr | NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction |
| title_full_unstemmed | NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction |
| title_short | NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction |
| title_sort | nmda receptor modulators in the treatment of drug addiction |
| topic | glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine binding site antagonist partial agonist |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/2/251 |
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