Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer
Water buffaloes wallow in water to combat heat stress during summer. With the decreasing reservoirs for wallowing, the farmers use sprinklers to cool the buffaloes in Pakistan. These sprinklers use a large quantity of groundwater, which is becoming scarce. The objective of the current study was to d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/339 |
| _version_ | 1797406084139319296 |
|---|---|
| author | Musa Bah Muhammad Afzal Rashid Khalid Javed Talat Naseer Pasha Muhammad Qamer Shahid |
| author_facet | Musa Bah Muhammad Afzal Rashid Khalid Javed Talat Naseer Pasha Muhammad Qamer Shahid |
| author_sort | Musa Bah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water buffaloes wallow in water to combat heat stress during summer. With the decreasing reservoirs for wallowing, the farmers use sprinklers to cool the buffaloes in Pakistan. These sprinklers use a large quantity of groundwater, which is becoming scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of different sprinkler flow rates on the physiological, behavioral, and production responses of Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Eighteen buffaloes were randomly subjected to three sprinkler flow rate treatments in a double replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The flow rates were 0.8, 1.25, and 2.0 L/min. During the study, the average afternoon temperature humidity index was 84.6. The 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups had significantly lower rectal temperature and respiratory rates than the 0.8 L/min group. Water intake was significantly higher in the 0.8 L/min group. Daily milk yield was higher in the 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups than in the 0.8 L/min group. These results suggested that the sprinkler flow rates > 0.8 L/min effectively cooled the buffaloes. The sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min appeared to be more efficient, as it used 37.5% less water compared to the 2.0 L/min. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:21:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a0f94a0202e4e9998505d90688f3a53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:21:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a0f94a0202e4e9998505d90688f3a532023-12-03T15:09:12ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-01-0111233910.3390/ani11020339Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical SummerMusa Bah0Muhammad Afzal Rashid1Khalid Javed2Talat Naseer Pasha3Muhammad Qamer Shahid4Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanWater buffaloes wallow in water to combat heat stress during summer. With the decreasing reservoirs for wallowing, the farmers use sprinklers to cool the buffaloes in Pakistan. These sprinklers use a large quantity of groundwater, which is becoming scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of different sprinkler flow rates on the physiological, behavioral, and production responses of Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Eighteen buffaloes were randomly subjected to three sprinkler flow rate treatments in a double replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The flow rates were 0.8, 1.25, and 2.0 L/min. During the study, the average afternoon temperature humidity index was 84.6. The 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups had significantly lower rectal temperature and respiratory rates than the 0.8 L/min group. Water intake was significantly higher in the 0.8 L/min group. Daily milk yield was higher in the 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups than in the 0.8 L/min group. These results suggested that the sprinkler flow rates > 0.8 L/min effectively cooled the buffaloes. The sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min appeared to be more efficient, as it used 37.5% less water compared to the 2.0 L/min.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/339behaviordairy buffaloesheat stressperformancesprinkler coolingwelfare |
| spellingShingle | Musa Bah Muhammad Afzal Rashid Khalid Javed Talat Naseer Pasha Muhammad Qamer Shahid Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer Animals behavior dairy buffaloes heat stress performance sprinkler cooling welfare |
| title | Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer |
| title_full | Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer |
| title_short | Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer |
| title_sort | effects of sprinkler flow rate on physiological behavioral and production responses of nili ravi buffaloes during subtropical summer |
| topic | behavior dairy buffaloes heat stress performance sprinkler cooling welfare |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT musabah effectsofsprinklerflowrateonphysiologicalbehavioralandproductionresponsesofniliravibuffaloesduringsubtropicalsummer AT muhammadafzalrashid effectsofsprinklerflowrateonphysiologicalbehavioralandproductionresponsesofniliravibuffaloesduringsubtropicalsummer AT khalidjaved effectsofsprinklerflowrateonphysiologicalbehavioralandproductionresponsesofniliravibuffaloesduringsubtropicalsummer AT talatnaseerpasha effectsofsprinklerflowrateonphysiologicalbehavioralandproductionresponsesofniliravibuffaloesduringsubtropicalsummer AT muhammadqamershahid effectsofsprinklerflowrateonphysiologicalbehavioralandproductionresponsesofniliravibuffaloesduringsubtropicalsummer |