Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors
Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to influence milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows; however, little is known about the effects of physiological factors. The objective of this stu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Animal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731122000969 |
| _version_ | 1817976378599931904 |
|---|---|
| author | L.L. Sun L. Liu J.T. Brenna Z.H. Wu L. Ma D.P. Bu |
| author_facet | L.L. Sun L. Liu J.T. Brenna Z.H. Wu L. Ma D.P. Bu |
| author_sort | L.L. Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to influence milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows; however, little is known about the effects of physiological factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parity and lactation stage on OBCFAs in milk fat of dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows (n = 157) were selected according to parity (first, second, third, or greater) and days in milk (DIM) (≤21 DIM, 21 < DIM ≤ 100, 100 < DIM ≤ 200, >200 DIM). All cows were fed the same total mixed ration for three weeks. Milk samples were collected during the last three days of each lactation stage for fatty acid (FA) analyses via gas chromatography. Results showed that first- and second-parity cows displayed significantly higher proportions and yields of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total branched-chain FA (P < 0.05) compared with other parities. The proportions of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were also greater in first-parity cows (P < 0.05), while the yields of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were similar among different parities (P > 0.05). The proportions of total OBCFAs were greater in first- and second-parity cows (P < 0.05), whereas the highest yield was observed in second-parity cows. Lactation dairy cows in ≤ 21 DIM group displayed lower proportions of iso-13:0, anteiso-13:0, C13:0, iso-14:0, C15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total OBCFAs compared with that of the other groups (P < 0.05), and also lower yields of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 (P < 0.05). In contrast, C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 proportions and yields were higher in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM (P < 0.05). Iso-17:0 and anteiso-17:0 were not affected by lactation stage (P > 0.05). Taken together, our data showed that both parity and lactation stage have considerable effects on milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows. In summary, first- and second-parity cows had higher milk OBCFAs compared with later parity cows, and OBCFAs with medium chain lengths were lower in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM, while C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were higher. These findings show that milk OBCFA contents are differentially modulated by physiological state. They will be useful in future studies that seek to alter OBCFA composition of Holstein dairy cow milk fats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:02:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a1b1ccf0cbd4ff5a33abf330dd469b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:02:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a1b1ccf0cbd4ff5a33abf330dd469b92022-12-22T02:28:03ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112022-06-01166100545Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factorsL.L. Sun0L. Liu1J.T. Brenna2Z.H. Wu3L. Ma4D.P. Bu5State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, ChinaDepartments of Nutrition and of Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78705, USAState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, Changsha 410000, China; Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to influence milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows; however, little is known about the effects of physiological factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parity and lactation stage on OBCFAs in milk fat of dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows (n = 157) were selected according to parity (first, second, third, or greater) and days in milk (DIM) (≤21 DIM, 21 < DIM ≤ 100, 100 < DIM ≤ 200, >200 DIM). All cows were fed the same total mixed ration for three weeks. Milk samples were collected during the last three days of each lactation stage for fatty acid (FA) analyses via gas chromatography. Results showed that first- and second-parity cows displayed significantly higher proportions and yields of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total branched-chain FA (P < 0.05) compared with other parities. The proportions of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were also greater in first-parity cows (P < 0.05), while the yields of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were similar among different parities (P > 0.05). The proportions of total OBCFAs were greater in first- and second-parity cows (P < 0.05), whereas the highest yield was observed in second-parity cows. Lactation dairy cows in ≤ 21 DIM group displayed lower proportions of iso-13:0, anteiso-13:0, C13:0, iso-14:0, C15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total OBCFAs compared with that of the other groups (P < 0.05), and also lower yields of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 (P < 0.05). In contrast, C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 proportions and yields were higher in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM (P < 0.05). Iso-17:0 and anteiso-17:0 were not affected by lactation stage (P > 0.05). Taken together, our data showed that both parity and lactation stage have considerable effects on milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows. In summary, first- and second-parity cows had higher milk OBCFAs compared with later parity cows, and OBCFAs with medium chain lengths were lower in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM, while C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were higher. These findings show that milk OBCFA contents are differentially modulated by physiological state. They will be useful in future studies that seek to alter OBCFA composition of Holstein dairy cow milk fats.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731122000969Fatty acidLactating cowsLactation stageMilk fatParity |
| spellingShingle | L.L. Sun L. Liu J.T. Brenna Z.H. Wu L. Ma D.P. Bu Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors Animal Fatty acid Lactating cows Lactation stage Milk fat Parity |
| title | Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| title_full | Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| title_fullStr | Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| title_short | Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| title_sort | odd and branched chain fatty acids in milk fat from holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors |
| topic | Fatty acid Lactating cows Lactation stage Milk fat Parity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731122000969 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT llsun oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors AT lliu oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors AT jtbrenna oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors AT zhwu oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors AT lma oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors AT dpbu oddandbranchedchainfattyacidsinmilkfatfromholsteindairycowsareinfluencedbyphysiologicalfactors |