Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces
Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) serve as one of the most robust Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigms. Being an exogenous brain response, the properties of elicited SSVEPs are directly related to the properties of the visual stimuli. However, studies on integrating BCI and Augmen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10190071/ |
| _version_ | 1797739736399347712 |
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| author | Syeda R. Zehra Jing Mu Brandon V. Syiem Anthony N. Burkitt David B. Grayden |
| author_facet | Syeda R. Zehra Jing Mu Brandon V. Syiem Anthony N. Burkitt David B. Grayden |
| author_sort | Syeda R. Zehra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) serve as one of the most robust Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigms. Being an exogenous brain response, the properties of elicited SSVEPs are directly related to the properties of the visual stimuli. However, studies on integrating BCI and Augmented Reality (AR), aimed at realising mobile BCI systems, have mainly focused on applications of BCIs and performance comparison with screen-based BCIs. Little work has been done to study the effects of stimulus parameters on BCI performance when stimuli are presented with an AR headset. Here, we compare AR-based SSVEP with 3D and 2D stimuli using three different stimulation strategies: flickering, grow-shrink, and both. Participant feedback on level of fatigue and their subjective preference of stimuli were also collected. Our results did not show significant differences in classification accuracies between the 2D and 3D stimuli. However, for most of the participants, classification accuracy with flickering stimuli was above their average performance and stimuli that changed only in size were below average. The participants were divided in terms of which type of stimulus they felt was the most comfortable. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:02:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a21dd746e574f82bd44b7aa0a23d9f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:02:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a21dd746e574f82bd44b7aa0a23d9f32023-08-21T23:00:51ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111873058731510.1109/ACCESS.2023.329788210190071Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer InterfacesSyeda R. Zehra0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-2653Jing Mu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-2002Brandon V. Syiem2Anthony N. Burkitt3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-2772David B. Grayden4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-7234Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSteady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) serve as one of the most robust Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigms. Being an exogenous brain response, the properties of elicited SSVEPs are directly related to the properties of the visual stimuli. However, studies on integrating BCI and Augmented Reality (AR), aimed at realising mobile BCI systems, have mainly focused on applications of BCIs and performance comparison with screen-based BCIs. Little work has been done to study the effects of stimulus parameters on BCI performance when stimuli are presented with an AR headset. Here, we compare AR-based SSVEP with 3D and 2D stimuli using three different stimulation strategies: flickering, grow-shrink, and both. Participant feedback on level of fatigue and their subjective preference of stimuli were also collected. Our results did not show significant differences in classification accuracies between the 2D and 3D stimuli. However, for most of the participants, classification accuracy with flickering stimuli was above their average performance and stimuli that changed only in size were below average. The participants were divided in terms of which type of stimulus they felt was the most comfortable.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10190071/SSVEPbrain computer interfaceaugmented reality3D-stimulioptical see-through |
| spellingShingle | Syeda R. Zehra Jing Mu Brandon V. Syiem Anthony N. Burkitt David B. Grayden Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces IEEE Access SSVEP brain computer interface augmented reality 3D-stimuli optical see-through |
| title | Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_full | Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_short | Evaluation of Optimal Stimuli for SSVEP-Based Augmented Reality Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_sort | evaluation of optimal stimuli for ssvep based augmented reality brain computer interfaces |
| topic | SSVEP brain computer interface augmented reality 3D-stimuli optical see-through |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10190071/ |
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