Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population
BackgroundPrevious findings have indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with hypertension. We aim to explore whether higher RC levels may be associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population.MethodsTh...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1260764/full |
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| author | Liu Shi Liu Shi Dongmei Zhang Jianqing Ju Anlu Wang Tianyi Du Tianyi Du Xuanye Chen Xuanye Chen Yewen Song Zhuye Gao Hao Xu |
| author_facet | Liu Shi Liu Shi Dongmei Zhang Jianqing Ju Anlu Wang Tianyi Du Tianyi Du Xuanye Chen Xuanye Chen Yewen Song Zhuye Gao Hao Xu |
| author_sort | Liu Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPrevious findings have indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with hypertension. We aim to explore whether higher RC levels may be associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population.MethodsThis study included 10,842 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension for LDL-C and RC. We also performed analyses examining the association between hypertension and LDL-C vs. RC concordant/discordant groups.ResultsA total of 4,963 (41.54%, weighted) individuals had hypertension. The weighted median levels were LDL-C: 118mg/dL, RC: 20mg/dL. At lower LDL-C clinical cut-point, the proportion of discordantly high RC dramatically increased. After multivariable adjustment, log RC was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [OR 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17–2.99]. Participants with the highest tertile of RC were more likely to have hypertension (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.89-2.52) compared with those with the lowest tertile of RC. This association remained marked after including body mass index (BMI), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides. The association between LDL-C and hypertension was absent after adjusting for BMI, RC or triglycerides. Compared with low LDL-C/low RC group, the discordant low LDL-C/high RC group was associated with hypertension (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.72-2.42), whereas the high LDL-C/low RC group was not, regardless of BMI, HDL-C or triglycerides. Similar results were observed when examining discordance among different clinical cut-points, except for the cut-point of LDL-C 70 mg/dL and RC 13 mg/dL. To better understand the association, we performed an additional analysis, which showed that among participants with apolipoprotein B < median (92mg/dL), those with discordant RC ≥ median (20mg/dL) had significantly higher odds of having hypertension (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.38-2.17).ConclusionRC was associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population. This association went beyond increased triglycerides levels, and lipoproteins other than apoB may be involved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:05:22Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1a246fc136b544bc8c994bbaee0e75f72023-09-29T14:00:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-09-011410.3389/fendo.2023.12607641260764Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult populationLiu Shi0Liu Shi1Dongmei Zhang2Jianqing Ju3Anlu Wang4Tianyi Du5Tianyi Du6Xuanye Chen7Xuanye Chen8Yewen Song9Zhuye Gao10Hao Xu11Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundPrevious findings have indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with hypertension. We aim to explore whether higher RC levels may be associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population.MethodsThis study included 10,842 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension for LDL-C and RC. We also performed analyses examining the association between hypertension and LDL-C vs. RC concordant/discordant groups.ResultsA total of 4,963 (41.54%, weighted) individuals had hypertension. The weighted median levels were LDL-C: 118mg/dL, RC: 20mg/dL. At lower LDL-C clinical cut-point, the proportion of discordantly high RC dramatically increased. After multivariable adjustment, log RC was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [OR 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17–2.99]. Participants with the highest tertile of RC were more likely to have hypertension (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.89-2.52) compared with those with the lowest tertile of RC. This association remained marked after including body mass index (BMI), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides. The association between LDL-C and hypertension was absent after adjusting for BMI, RC or triglycerides. Compared with low LDL-C/low RC group, the discordant low LDL-C/high RC group was associated with hypertension (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.72-2.42), whereas the high LDL-C/low RC group was not, regardless of BMI, HDL-C or triglycerides. Similar results were observed when examining discordance among different clinical cut-points, except for the cut-point of LDL-C 70 mg/dL and RC 13 mg/dL. To better understand the association, we performed an additional analysis, which showed that among participants with apolipoprotein B < median (92mg/dL), those with discordant RC ≥ median (20mg/dL) had significantly higher odds of having hypertension (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.38-2.17).ConclusionRC was associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population. This association went beyond increased triglycerides levels, and lipoproteins other than apoB may be involved.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1260764/fullremnant cholesterolhypertensionlow-density lipoprotein cholesterolapolipoprotein Bdyslipidemia |
| spellingShingle | Liu Shi Liu Shi Dongmei Zhang Jianqing Ju Anlu Wang Tianyi Du Tianyi Du Xuanye Chen Xuanye Chen Yewen Song Zhuye Gao Hao Xu Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population Frontiers in Endocrinology remnant cholesterol hypertension low-density lipoprotein cholesterol apolipoprotein B dyslipidemia |
| title | Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population |
| title_full | Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population |
| title_fullStr | Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population |
| title_short | Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population |
| title_sort | remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general us adult population |
| topic | remnant cholesterol hypertension low-density lipoprotein cholesterol apolipoprotein B dyslipidemia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1260764/full |
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