Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gut mycobiota inhabits human gastrointestinal lumen and plays a role in human health and disease. We investigated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) by using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 sequ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205348/full |
| _version_ | 1797741529843892224 |
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| author | Yichao Shi Yichao Shi Jianfeng Li Shuntian Cai Hong Zhao Huijun Zhao Gang Sun Yunsheng Yang Yunsheng Yang |
| author_facet | Yichao Shi Yichao Shi Jianfeng Li Shuntian Cai Hong Zhao Huijun Zhao Gang Sun Yunsheng Yang Yunsheng Yang |
| author_sort | Yichao Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gut mycobiota inhabits human gastrointestinal lumen and plays a role in human health and disease. We investigated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) by using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 sequencing. A total of 65 participants were included, consisting of the healthy control (HC) group, GERD patients who did not use PPIs (nt-GERD), and GERD patients who used PPIs, which were further divided into short-term (s-PPI) and long-term PPI user (l-PPI) groups based on the duration of PPI use. The alpha diversity and beta diversity of gastric mucosal mycobiota in GERD patients with PPI use were significantly different from HCs, but there were no differences between s-PPI and l-PPI groups. LEfSe analysis identified Candida at the genus level as a biomarker for the s-PPI group when compared to the nt-GERD group. Meanwhile, Candida, Nothojafnea, Rhizodermea, Ambispora, and Saccharicola were more abundant in the l-PPI group than in the nt-GERD group. Furthermore, colonization of Candida in gastric mucosa was significantly increased after PPI treatment. However, there was no significant difference in Candida colonization between patients with endoscopic esophageal mucosal breaks and those without. There were significant differences in the fecal mycobiota composition between HCs and GERD patients regardless whether or not they used PPI. As compared to nt-GERD patient samples, there was a high abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mycenella, Exserohilum, and Clitopilus in the s-PPI group. In addition, there was a significantly higher abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Podospora, Phallus, and Monographella in the l-PPI group than nt-GERD patients. In conclusion, our study indicates that dysbiosis of mycobiota was presented in GERD patients in both gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota. PPI treatment may increase the colonization of Candida in the gastric mucosa in GERD patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:28:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a2c773d2e2345c1a9d1b09325bf261b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:28:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a2c773d2e2345c1a9d1b09325bf261b2023-08-17T20:49:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882023-08-011310.3389/fcimb.2023.12053481205348Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseaseYichao Shi0Yichao Shi1Jianfeng Li2Shuntian Cai3Hong Zhao4Huijun Zhao5Gang Sun6Yunsheng Yang7Yunsheng Yang8Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaGut mycobiota inhabits human gastrointestinal lumen and plays a role in human health and disease. We investigated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) by using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 sequencing. A total of 65 participants were included, consisting of the healthy control (HC) group, GERD patients who did not use PPIs (nt-GERD), and GERD patients who used PPIs, which were further divided into short-term (s-PPI) and long-term PPI user (l-PPI) groups based on the duration of PPI use. The alpha diversity and beta diversity of gastric mucosal mycobiota in GERD patients with PPI use were significantly different from HCs, but there were no differences between s-PPI and l-PPI groups. LEfSe analysis identified Candida at the genus level as a biomarker for the s-PPI group when compared to the nt-GERD group. Meanwhile, Candida, Nothojafnea, Rhizodermea, Ambispora, and Saccharicola were more abundant in the l-PPI group than in the nt-GERD group. Furthermore, colonization of Candida in gastric mucosa was significantly increased after PPI treatment. However, there was no significant difference in Candida colonization between patients with endoscopic esophageal mucosal breaks and those without. There were significant differences in the fecal mycobiota composition between HCs and GERD patients regardless whether or not they used PPI. As compared to nt-GERD patient samples, there was a high abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mycenella, Exserohilum, and Clitopilus in the s-PPI group. In addition, there was a significantly higher abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Podospora, Phallus, and Monographella in the l-PPI group than nt-GERD patients. In conclusion, our study indicates that dysbiosis of mycobiota was presented in GERD patients in both gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota. PPI treatment may increase the colonization of Candida in the gastric mucosa in GERD patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205348/fullgastroesophageal reflux diseaseproton pump inhibitorfecal mycobiotaCandidagastric mucosal mycobiota |
| spellingShingle | Yichao Shi Yichao Shi Jianfeng Li Shuntian Cai Hong Zhao Huijun Zhao Gang Sun Yunsheng Yang Yunsheng Yang Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology gastroesophageal reflux disease proton pump inhibitor fecal mycobiota Candida gastric mucosal mycobiota |
| title | Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| title_full | Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| title_fullStr | Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| title_short | Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| title_sort | proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| topic | gastroesophageal reflux disease proton pump inhibitor fecal mycobiota Candida gastric mucosal mycobiota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205348/full |
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