Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept
The paper introduces a definition of dual graph grammar. It enables two graphs to share information in a synchronized way. A smart city example application, which is an outdoor lighting control system utilizing the dual graph grammar, is also demonstrated. The system controls dimming of street light...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-02-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/402 |
| _version_ | 1818040575955304448 |
|---|---|
| author | Igor Wojnicki Leszek Kotulski |
| author_facet | Igor Wojnicki Leszek Kotulski |
| author_sort | Igor Wojnicki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper introduces a definition of dual graph grammar. It enables two graphs to share information in a synchronized way. A smart city example application, which is an outdoor lighting control system utilizing the dual graph grammar, is also demonstrated. The system controls dimming of street lights which is based on traffic intensity. Each luminaire’s light level is adjusted individually to comply with the lighting norms to ensure safety. Benefits of applying the dual graph grammar are twofold. First, it increases expressive power of the mathematical model that the system uses. It becomes possible to take into account complex geographical distribution of sensors and logical dependencies among them. Second, it increases the system’s efficiency by reducing the problem size during run-time. Experimental results show a reduction of the computation time by a factor of 2.8. The approach has been verified in practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:16:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a3d59eb77704ec69d59de8dfa1748ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a3d59eb77704ec69d59de8dfa1748ab2022-12-22T01:56:27ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-02-0111240210.3390/en11020402en11020402Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar ConceptIgor Wojnicki0Leszek Kotulski1Department of Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandThe paper introduces a definition of dual graph grammar. It enables two graphs to share information in a synchronized way. A smart city example application, which is an outdoor lighting control system utilizing the dual graph grammar, is also demonstrated. The system controls dimming of street lights which is based on traffic intensity. Each luminaire’s light level is adjusted individually to comply with the lighting norms to ensure safety. Benefits of applying the dual graph grammar are twofold. First, it increases expressive power of the mathematical model that the system uses. It becomes possible to take into account complex geographical distribution of sensors and logical dependencies among them. Second, it increases the system’s efficiency by reducing the problem size during run-time. Experimental results show a reduction of the computation time by a factor of 2.8. The approach has been verified in practice.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/402graph transformationsdual graph grammarroad lightingstreet lightingefficiencyproblem size reduction |
| spellingShingle | Igor Wojnicki Leszek Kotulski Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept Energies graph transformations dual graph grammar road lighting street lighting efficiency problem size reduction |
| title | Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept |
| title_full | Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept |
| title_fullStr | Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept |
| title_short | Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept |
| title_sort | improving control efficiency of dynamic street lighting by utilizing the dual graph grammar concept |
| topic | graph transformations dual graph grammar road lighting street lighting efficiency problem size reduction |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/402 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT igorwojnicki improvingcontrolefficiencyofdynamicstreetlightingbyutilizingthedualgraphgrammarconcept AT leszekkotulski improvingcontrolefficiencyofdynamicstreetlightingbyutilizingthedualgraphgrammarconcept |