Male germline stem cells in non-human primates
Over the past few decades, several studies have attempted to decipher the biology of mammalian germline stem cells (GSCs). These studies provide evidence that regulatory mechanisms for germ cell specification and migration are evolutionarily conserved across species. The characteristics and func...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-09-01
|
Series: | Primate Biology |
Online Access: | https://www.primate-biol.net/4/173/2017/pb-4-173-2017.pdf |
Summary: | Over the past few decades, several studies have attempted to decipher the
biology of mammalian germline stem cells (GSCs). These studies provide
evidence that regulatory mechanisms for germ cell specification and migration
are evolutionarily conserved across species. The characteristics and
functions of primate GSCs are highly distinct from rodent species; therefore
the findings from rodent models cannot be extrapolated to primates. Due to
limited availability of human embryonic and testicular samples for research
purposes, two non-human primate models (marmoset and macaque monkeys) are
extensively employed to understand human germline development and
differentiation. This review provides a broader introduction to the in vivo
and in vitro germline stem cell terminology from primordial to
differentiating germ cells. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the most
immature germ cells colonizing the gonad prior to sex differentiation into
testes or ovaries. PGC specification and migratory patterns among different
primate species are compared in the review. It also reports the distinctions
and similarities in expression patterns of pluripotency markers (OCT4A,
NANOG, SALL4 and LIN28) during embryonic developmental stages, among
marmosets, macaques and humans. This review presents a comparative summary
with immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of germ cell marker
expression patterns during postnatal developmental stages, among humans and
non-human primates. Furthermore, it reports findings from the recent
literature investigating the plasticity behavior of germ cells and stem cells
in other organs of humans and monkeys. The use of non-human primate models
would enable bridging the knowledge gap in primate GSC research and
understanding the mechanisms involved in germline development. Reported
similarities in regulatory mechanisms and germ cell expression profile in
primates demonstrate the preclinical significance of monkey models for
development of human fertility preservation strategies. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 2363-4707 2363-4715 |