The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
It is widely believed that consuming foods and beverages that have high concentrations of antioxidants can prevent cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. As a result, many articles have been published that give the total antioxidant capacities of foods in vitro. However, many antioxidants...
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MDPI AG
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/34 |
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| author | Robert E. Smith Kevin Tran Cynthia C. Smith Miranda McDonald Pushkar Shejwalkar Kenji Hara |
| author_facet | Robert E. Smith Kevin Tran Cynthia C. Smith Miranda McDonald Pushkar Shejwalkar Kenji Hara |
| author_sort | Robert E. Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is widely believed that consuming foods and beverages that have high concentrations of antioxidants can prevent cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. As a result, many articles have been published that give the total antioxidant capacities of foods in vitro. However, many antioxidants behave quite differently in vivo. Some of them, such as resveratrol (in red wine) and epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG (in green tea) can activate the nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. It is a master regulator of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms. Nrf2 controls the expression of many antioxidant and detoxification genes, by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) that are commonly found in the promoter region of antioxidant (and other) genes, and that control expression of those genes. The mechanisms by which Nrf2 relieves oxidative stress and limits cardiac injury as well as the progression to heart failure are described. Also, the ability of statins to induce Nrf2 in the heart, brain, lung, and liver is mentioned. However, there is a negative side of Nrf2. When over-activated, it can cause (not prevent) cardiovascular diseases and multi-drug resistance cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:07:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a46fb8001fa460aba584f84be55abb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:07:50Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a46fb8001fa460aba584f84be55abb22022-12-21T23:17:46ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212016-11-01443410.3390/diseases4040034diseases4040034The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular DiseasesRobert E. Smith0Kevin Tran1Cynthia C. Smith2Miranda McDonald3Pushkar Shejwalkar4Kenji Hara5US Food & Drug Administration, 11510 W 80th Street, Lenexa, KS 66214, USAUS Food & Drug Administration, 11510 W 80th Street, Lenexa, KS 66214, USAUS Food & Drug Administration, 11510 W 80th Street, Lenexa, KS 66214, USAUS Food & Drug Administration, 11510 W 80th Street, Lenexa, KS 66214, USADepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, JapanDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, JapanIt is widely believed that consuming foods and beverages that have high concentrations of antioxidants can prevent cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. As a result, many articles have been published that give the total antioxidant capacities of foods in vitro. However, many antioxidants behave quite differently in vivo. Some of them, such as resveratrol (in red wine) and epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG (in green tea) can activate the nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. It is a master regulator of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms. Nrf2 controls the expression of many antioxidant and detoxification genes, by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) that are commonly found in the promoter region of antioxidant (and other) genes, and that control expression of those genes. The mechanisms by which Nrf2 relieves oxidative stress and limits cardiac injury as well as the progression to heart failure are described. Also, the ability of statins to induce Nrf2 in the heart, brain, lung, and liver is mentioned. However, there is a negative side of Nrf2. When over-activated, it can cause (not prevent) cardiovascular diseases and multi-drug resistance cancer.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/34Nrf2transcriptionantioxidantsEGCGresveratrolcardiovascular diseasesmulti-drug resistant cancer |
| spellingShingle | Robert E. Smith Kevin Tran Cynthia C. Smith Miranda McDonald Pushkar Shejwalkar Kenji Hara The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Diseases Nrf2 transcription antioxidants EGCG resveratrol cardiovascular diseases multi-drug resistant cancer |
| title | The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full | The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_short | The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_sort | role of the nrf2 are antioxidant system in preventing cardiovascular diseases |
| topic | Nrf2 transcription antioxidants EGCG resveratrol cardiovascular diseases multi-drug resistant cancer |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/34 |
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