Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As a result of the widespread resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) (including artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine) has been recommended as a first-line a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2012-06-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/197 |
| _version_ | 1818806308947623936 |
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| author | Wurtz Nathalie Fall Bécaye Pascual Aurélie Diawara Silmane Sow Kowry Baret Eric Diatta Bakary Fall Khadidiatou B Mbaye Pape S Fall Fatou Diémé Yaya Rogier Christophe Bercion Raymond Briolant Sébastien Wade Boubacar Pradines Bruno |
| author_facet | Wurtz Nathalie Fall Bécaye Pascual Aurélie Diawara Silmane Sow Kowry Baret Eric Diatta Bakary Fall Khadidiatou B Mbaye Pape S Fall Fatou Diémé Yaya Rogier Christophe Bercion Raymond Briolant Sébastien Wade Boubacar Pradines Bruno |
| author_sort | Wurtz Nathalie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As a result of the widespread resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) (including artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine) has been recommended as a first-line anti-malarial regimen in Senegal since 2006. Intermittent preventive treatments with anti-malarial drugs based on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine are also given to children or pregnant women once per month during the transmission season. Since 2006, there have been very few reports on the susceptibility of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> to anti-malarial drugs. To estimate the prevalence of resistance to several anti-malarial drugs since the introduction of the widespread use of ACT, the presence of molecular markers associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine was assessed in local isolates at the military hospital of Dakar.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with anti-malarial drug resistance, i.e., <it>Pfcrt</it>, <it>Pfdhfr</it>, <it>Pfdhps</it> and <it>Pfmdr1</it>, and the copy number of <it>Pfmdr1</it> were evaluated for a panel of 174 isolates collected from patients recruited at the military hospital of Dakar from 14 October 2009 to 19 January 2010.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>Pfcrt</it> 76T mutation was identified in 37.2% of the samples. The <it>Pfmdr1</it> 86Y and 184F mutations were found in 16.6% and 67.6% of the tested samples, respectively. Twenty-eight of the 29 isolates with the 86Y mutation were also mutated at codon 184. Only one isolate (0.6%) had two copies of <it>Pfmdr1</it>. The <it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N/T, 51I and 59R mutations were identified in 82.4%, 83.5% and 74.1% of the samples, respectively. The double mutant (108N and 51I) was detected in 83.5% of the isolates, and the triple mutant (108N, 51I and 59R) was detected in 75.3%. The <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G, 436F/A and 613S mutations were found in 40.2%, 35.1% and 1.8% of the samples, respectively. There was no double mutant (437G and 540E) or no quintuple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G and 540E). The prevalence of the quadruple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G) was 36.5%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Since 2004, the prevalence of chloroquine resistance had decreased. The prevalence of isolates with high-level pyrimethamine resistance is 83.5%. The prevalence of isolates resistant to sulphadoxine is 40.2%. However, no quintuple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G and 540E), which is associated with a high level of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, has been identified to date. The resistance to amodiaquine remains moderate.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T19:07:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a4f905afb534d2eba40ef43f8c40b81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T19:07:43Z |
| publishDate | 2012-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a4f905afb534d2eba40ef43f8c40b812022-12-21T20:56:21ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752012-06-0111119710.1186/1475-2875-11-197Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, SenegalWurtz NathalieFall BécayePascual AurélieDiawara SilmaneSow KowryBaret EricDiatta BakaryFall Khadidiatou BMbaye Pape SFall FatouDiémé YayaRogier ChristopheBercion RaymondBriolant SébastienWade BoubacarPradines Bruno<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As a result of the widespread resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) (including artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine) has been recommended as a first-line anti-malarial regimen in Senegal since 2006. Intermittent preventive treatments with anti-malarial drugs based on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine are also given to children or pregnant women once per month during the transmission season. Since 2006, there have been very few reports on the susceptibility of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> to anti-malarial drugs. To estimate the prevalence of resistance to several anti-malarial drugs since the introduction of the widespread use of ACT, the presence of molecular markers associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine was assessed in local isolates at the military hospital of Dakar.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with anti-malarial drug resistance, i.e., <it>Pfcrt</it>, <it>Pfdhfr</it>, <it>Pfdhps</it> and <it>Pfmdr1</it>, and the copy number of <it>Pfmdr1</it> were evaluated for a panel of 174 isolates collected from patients recruited at the military hospital of Dakar from 14 October 2009 to 19 January 2010.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>Pfcrt</it> 76T mutation was identified in 37.2% of the samples. The <it>Pfmdr1</it> 86Y and 184F mutations were found in 16.6% and 67.6% of the tested samples, respectively. Twenty-eight of the 29 isolates with the 86Y mutation were also mutated at codon 184. Only one isolate (0.6%) had two copies of <it>Pfmdr1</it>. The <it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N/T, 51I and 59R mutations were identified in 82.4%, 83.5% and 74.1% of the samples, respectively. The double mutant (108N and 51I) was detected in 83.5% of the isolates, and the triple mutant (108N, 51I and 59R) was detected in 75.3%. The <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G, 436F/A and 613S mutations were found in 40.2%, 35.1% and 1.8% of the samples, respectively. There was no double mutant (437G and 540E) or no quintuple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G and 540E). The prevalence of the quadruple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G) was 36.5%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Since 2004, the prevalence of chloroquine resistance had decreased. The prevalence of isolates with high-level pyrimethamine resistance is 83.5%. The prevalence of isolates resistant to sulphadoxine is 40.2%. However, no quintuple mutant (<it>Pfdhfr</it> 108N, 51I and 59R and <it>Pfdhps</it> 437G and 540E), which is associated with a high level of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, has been identified to date. The resistance to amodiaquine remains moderate.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/197Malaria<it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>Anti-malarial<it>In vitro</it>ResistanceMolecular markerSenegal |
| spellingShingle | Wurtz Nathalie Fall Bécaye Pascual Aurélie Diawara Silmane Sow Kowry Baret Eric Diatta Bakary Fall Khadidiatou B Mbaye Pape S Fall Fatou Diémé Yaya Rogier Christophe Bercion Raymond Briolant Sébastien Wade Boubacar Pradines Bruno Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal Malaria Journal Malaria <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> Anti-malarial <it>In vitro</it> Resistance Molecular marker Senegal |
| title | Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal |
| title_full | Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal |
| title_short | Prevalence of molecular markers of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal |
| title_sort | prevalence of molecular markers of it plasmodium falciparum it drug resistance in dakar senegal |
| topic | Malaria <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> Anti-malarial <it>In vitro</it> Resistance Molecular marker Senegal |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/197 |
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