Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis
Canine chronic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia is commonly characterised by moderate to marked lymphocytosis but not neutropaenia. In humans, LGL leukaemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated cytopaenias (mainly neutropaenia). This presentation is rare...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/357 |
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| author | Angelo Capasso Elizabeth Villers James Elliott Nic Ilchyshyn Ian Hopkins Ferran Valls Sanchez Sara Verganti |
| author_facet | Angelo Capasso Elizabeth Villers James Elliott Nic Ilchyshyn Ian Hopkins Ferran Valls Sanchez Sara Verganti |
| author_sort | Angelo Capasso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine chronic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia is commonly characterised by moderate to marked lymphocytosis but not neutropaenia. In humans, LGL leukaemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated cytopaenias (mainly neutropaenia). This presentation is rare in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of dogs with chronic LGL leukaemia with suspected immune-mediated cytopaenia. Six dogs with a median age of 4.5 years (range 2–8 years) were included in the study. The most common presenting signs were pyrexia and lethargy. All dogs had severe neutropaenia (median neutrophil count 0.07 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), three had thrombocytopaenia (median platelet count 66 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), and one had anaemia (HCT 0.32 L/L). In all dogs, bone marrow cytology revealed infiltration of granular T lymphocytes; PARR analysis confirmed clonality in four, and bone marrow flow cytometry identified CD3+ CD8+ neoplastic cells in two cases. All patients received systemic chemotherapy, and the cytopaenias resolved after 1–19 weeks. Two dogs were euthanised 133 and 322 days after diagnosis, two were lost to follow-up after 224 and 357 days, and two were alive at 546 and 721 days. A subset of LGL leukaemia in dogs is associated with immune-mediated cytopaenia and has a unique clinical presentation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:54:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a52e08d9eb64db390637455f808d466 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:54:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a52e08d9eb64db390637455f808d4662023-11-16T15:59:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-01-0113335710.3390/ani13030357Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral LymphocytosisAngelo Capasso0Elizabeth Villers1James Elliott2Nic Ilchyshyn3Ian Hopkins4Ferran Valls Sanchez5Sara Verganti6Department of Oncology, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom CB8 0UH, UKDepartment of Pathology, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom CB8 0UH, UKDepartment of Oncology, Southfields, Cranes Point, Gardiners Ln S, Basildon SS14 3AP, UKDepartment of Pathology, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom CB8 0UH, UKOackwood Veterinary Referrals, Willows Veterinary Hospital, Chester Road, Hartford, Nortwich CW8 1LP, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom CB8 0UH, UKDepartment of Oncology, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom CB8 0UH, UKCanine chronic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia is commonly characterised by moderate to marked lymphocytosis but not neutropaenia. In humans, LGL leukaemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated cytopaenias (mainly neutropaenia). This presentation is rare in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of dogs with chronic LGL leukaemia with suspected immune-mediated cytopaenia. Six dogs with a median age of 4.5 years (range 2–8 years) were included in the study. The most common presenting signs were pyrexia and lethargy. All dogs had severe neutropaenia (median neutrophil count 0.07 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), three had thrombocytopaenia (median platelet count 66 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L), and one had anaemia (HCT 0.32 L/L). In all dogs, bone marrow cytology revealed infiltration of granular T lymphocytes; PARR analysis confirmed clonality in four, and bone marrow flow cytometry identified CD3+ CD8+ neoplastic cells in two cases. All patients received systemic chemotherapy, and the cytopaenias resolved after 1–19 weeks. Two dogs were euthanised 133 and 322 days after diagnosis, two were lost to follow-up after 224 and 357 days, and two were alive at 546 and 721 days. A subset of LGL leukaemia in dogs is associated with immune-mediated cytopaenia and has a unique clinical presentation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/357large granular lymphocyte leukaemiaimmune-mediated neutropaeniacytopaeniasdogchronic lymphocytic leukaemiabone marrow |
| spellingShingle | Angelo Capasso Elizabeth Villers James Elliott Nic Ilchyshyn Ian Hopkins Ferran Valls Sanchez Sara Verganti Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis Animals large granular lymphocyte leukaemia immune-mediated neutropaenia cytopaenias dog chronic lymphocytic leukaemia bone marrow |
| title | Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis |
| title_full | Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis |
| title_fullStr | Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis |
| title_short | Retrospective Study of T Cell Leukaemia (Large Granular Lymphocyte Variant) in Dogs Associated with Suspected Immune-Mediated Cytopaenia(s) in the Absence of Peripheral Lymphocytosis |
| title_sort | retrospective study of t cell leukaemia large granular lymphocyte variant in dogs associated with suspected immune mediated cytopaenia s in the absence of peripheral lymphocytosis |
| topic | large granular lymphocyte leukaemia immune-mediated neutropaenia cytopaenias dog chronic lymphocytic leukaemia bone marrow |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/357 |
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