A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses
Our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination has progressed considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic was first declared on the 11th of March in 2020. Recovery from infection is associated with the development of protective immune responses, although over...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.914167/full |
| _version_ | 1818532490742071296 |
|---|---|
| author | Joseph Torresi Melissa A. Edeling Terry Nolan Terry Nolan Dale I. Godfrey |
| author_facet | Joseph Torresi Melissa A. Edeling Terry Nolan Terry Nolan Dale I. Godfrey |
| author_sort | Joseph Torresi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination has progressed considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic was first declared on the 11th of March in 2020. Recovery from infection is associated with the development of protective immune responses, although over time these become less effective against new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Consequently, reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants is not infrequent and has contributed to the ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines have had a tremendous impact on reducing infection and particularly the number of deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, waning of vaccine induced immunity plus the emergence of new variants has necessitated the use of boosters to maintain the benefits of vaccination in reducing COVID-19 associated deaths. Boosting is also beneficial for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 and developed natural immunity, also enhancing responses immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review summarizes our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, the risks of reinfection with emerging variants and the very important protective role vaccine boosting plays in both vaccinated and previously infected individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:46:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a55759b1b18465d884bc8ed38a3d2c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:46:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a55759b1b18465d884bc8ed38a3d2c82022-12-22T00:56:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-07-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.914167914167A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune ResponsesJoseph Torresi0Melissa A. Edeling1Terry Nolan2Terry Nolan3Dale I. Godfrey4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaOur understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination has progressed considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic was first declared on the 11th of March in 2020. Recovery from infection is associated with the development of protective immune responses, although over time these become less effective against new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Consequently, reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants is not infrequent and has contributed to the ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines have had a tremendous impact on reducing infection and particularly the number of deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, waning of vaccine induced immunity plus the emergence of new variants has necessitated the use of boosters to maintain the benefits of vaccination in reducing COVID-19 associated deaths. Boosting is also beneficial for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 and developed natural immunity, also enhancing responses immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review summarizes our understanding of the immune responses that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, the risks of reinfection with emerging variants and the very important protective role vaccine boosting plays in both vaccinated and previously infected individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.914167/fullCOVID-19neutralizing antibodySARS-CoV-2omicronvaccinesimmune imprinting |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Torresi Melissa A. Edeling Terry Nolan Terry Nolan Dale I. Godfrey A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 omicron vaccines immune imprinting |
| title | A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses |
| title_full | A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses |
| title_short | A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses |
| title_sort | complementary union of sars cov2 natural and vaccine induced immune responses |
| topic | COVID-19 neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 omicron vaccines immune imprinting |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.914167/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephtorresi acomplementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT melissaaedeling acomplementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT terrynolan acomplementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT terrynolan acomplementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT daleigodfrey acomplementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT josephtorresi complementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT melissaaedeling complementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT terrynolan complementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT terrynolan complementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses AT daleigodfrey complementaryunionofsarscov2naturalandvaccineinducedimmuneresponses |