Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limitin...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/20/4/680 |
| _version_ | 1811307092929150976 |
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| author | Mahmoud M. Fouad Ahmed S. El-Gendy Mostafa M. H. Khalil Taha M. A. Razek |
| author_facet | Mahmoud M. Fouad Ahmed S. El-Gendy Mostafa M. H. Khalil Taha M. A. Razek |
| author_sort | Mahmoud M. Fouad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limiting its use. In this study, 17 PAH compounds are mapped at eight sites along the Nile River and its tributaries in Greater Cairo. In addition, their removal efficiency is evaluated with the conventional treatment in eight water treatment plants. PAHs were analyzed using GC–MS from January to December 2018. Naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, and phenanthrene were detected. The total amount of PAHs in raw water was highest in Shamal Helwan (1,325 ± 631 ng/l) and lowest in Mostorod (468 ± 329 ng/l), and the removal ranged from 25 to 31%. Further research is needed to integrate other techniques to reduce PAHs using the conventional treatment, and more efforts should be made to reduce the presence and release of PAHs in raw water. HIGHLIGHTS
All detected PAHs correlate with each other and are of similar origin.;
Pulsator clarifiers were more effective than recirculating sludge in the reduction of PAH.;
The maximum rate of PAH removal by the conventional treatment was 31% in the study.;
Source prevention and additional treatment are required for effective PAH reduction.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:57:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a5fcaba785b43688a0ad637b84f2f8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:57:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a5fcaba785b43688a0ad637b84f2f8f2022-12-22T02:53:14ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292022-04-0120468069110.2166/wh.2022.312312Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systemsMahmoud M. Fouad0Ahmed S. El-Gendy1Mostafa M. H. Khalil2Taha M. A. Razek3 Quality and Environmental Affairs Department, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, 11687 Rod El Farag, Cairo, Egypt Department of Construction Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt Environmental Basic Sciences, Institute for Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limiting its use. In this study, 17 PAH compounds are mapped at eight sites along the Nile River and its tributaries in Greater Cairo. In addition, their removal efficiency is evaluated with the conventional treatment in eight water treatment plants. PAHs were analyzed using GC–MS from January to December 2018. Naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, and phenanthrene were detected. The total amount of PAHs in raw water was highest in Shamal Helwan (1,325 ± 631 ng/l) and lowest in Mostorod (468 ± 329 ng/l), and the removal ranged from 25 to 31%. Further research is needed to integrate other techniques to reduce PAHs using the conventional treatment, and more efforts should be made to reduce the presence and release of PAHs in raw water. HIGHLIGHTS All detected PAHs correlate with each other and are of similar origin.; Pulsator clarifiers were more effective than recirculating sludge in the reduction of PAH.; The maximum rate of PAH removal by the conventional treatment was 31% in the study.; Source prevention and additional treatment are required for effective PAH reduction.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/20/4/680conventional treatment and pahsnaphthalenepahs in cairo waterpahs in drinking waterphenanthrenepyrene |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud M. Fouad Ahmed S. El-Gendy Mostafa M. H. Khalil Taha M. A. Razek Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems Journal of Water and Health conventional treatment and pahs naphthalene pahs in cairo water pahs in drinking water phenanthrene pyrene |
| title | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems |
| title_full | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems |
| title_fullStr | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems |
| title_short | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems |
| title_sort | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in greater cairo water supply systems |
| topic | conventional treatment and pahs naphthalene pahs in cairo water pahs in drinking water phenanthrene pyrene |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/20/4/680 |
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