Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>
Insects rely on lipids as an energy source to perform various activities, such as growth, flight, diapause, and metamorphosis. This study evaluated the role of lipids in phosphine resistance by stored-grain insects. Phosphine resistant and susceptible strains of the two main stored-grain insects, &l...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/798 |
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| author | Ihab Alnajim Naser Aldosary Manjree Agarwal Tao Liu Xin Du Yonglin Ren |
| author_facet | Ihab Alnajim Naser Aldosary Manjree Agarwal Tao Liu Xin Du Yonglin Ren |
| author_sort | Ihab Alnajim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insects rely on lipids as an energy source to perform various activities, such as growth, flight, diapause, and metamorphosis. This study evaluated the role of lipids in phosphine resistance by stored-grain insects. Phosphine resistant and susceptible strains of the two main stored-grain insects, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica,</i> were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine their lipid contents. Phosphine resistant strains of both species had a higher amount of lipids than susceptible stains. Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of <i>T. castaneum</i> were observed for glycerolipids (1.13- to 53.10-fold) and phospholipids (1.05- to 20.00-fold). Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of <i>R. dominica</i> for glycerolipids were 1.04- to 31.50-fold and for phospholipids were 1.04- to 10.10-fold. Glycerolipids are reservoirs to face the long-term energy shortage. Phospholipids act as a barrier to isolate the cells from the surrounding environment and allow each cell to perform its specific function. Thus, lipids offer a consistent energy source for the resistant insect to survive under the stress of phosphine fumigation and provide a suitable environment to protect the mitochondria from phosphine. Hence, it was proposed through this study that the lipid content of phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible strains of <i>T. castaneum</i> and <i>R. dominica</i> could play an important role in the resistance of phosphine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:38:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1a60ef33d2a24936a99b75e13088fcc6 |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:38:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a60ef33d2a24936a99b75e13088fcc62023-11-23T16:54:56ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-09-0113979810.3390/insects13090798Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>Ihab Alnajim0Naser Aldosary1Manjree Agarwal2Tao Liu3Xin Du4Yonglin Ren5Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, IraqDate Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, IraqCollege of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, AustraliaInstitute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3, Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, ChinaCollege of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, AustraliaCollege of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, AustraliaInsects rely on lipids as an energy source to perform various activities, such as growth, flight, diapause, and metamorphosis. This study evaluated the role of lipids in phosphine resistance by stored-grain insects. Phosphine resistant and susceptible strains of the two main stored-grain insects, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica,</i> were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine their lipid contents. Phosphine resistant strains of both species had a higher amount of lipids than susceptible stains. Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of <i>T. castaneum</i> were observed for glycerolipids (1.13- to 53.10-fold) and phospholipids (1.05- to 20.00-fold). Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of <i>R. dominica</i> for glycerolipids were 1.04- to 31.50-fold and for phospholipids were 1.04- to 10.10-fold. Glycerolipids are reservoirs to face the long-term energy shortage. Phospholipids act as a barrier to isolate the cells from the surrounding environment and allow each cell to perform its specific function. Thus, lipids offer a consistent energy source for the resistant insect to survive under the stress of phosphine fumigation and provide a suitable environment to protect the mitochondria from phosphine. Hence, it was proposed through this study that the lipid content of phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible strains of <i>T. castaneum</i> and <i>R. dominica</i> could play an important role in the resistance of phosphine.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/798phosphineinsect resistance<i>T. castaneum</i><i>R. dominica</i>insect lipidglycerolipids |
| spellingShingle | Ihab Alnajim Naser Aldosary Manjree Agarwal Tao Liu Xin Du Yonglin Ren Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> Insects phosphine insect resistance <i>T. castaneum</i> <i>R. dominica</i> insect lipid glycerolipids |
| title | Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> |
| title_full | Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> |
| title_short | Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> |
| title_sort | role of lipids in phosphine resistant stored grain insect pests i tribolium castaneum i and i rhyzopertha dominica i |
| topic | phosphine insect resistance <i>T. castaneum</i> <i>R. dominica</i> insect lipid glycerolipids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/798 |
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