| Summary: | Background: Imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet may influence this association. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction between <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (<i>A. muciniphila</i>) and dietary patterns using a proinflammatory index. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with school-aged children. We quantified the relative abundance (RA) of <i>A. muciniphila</i> in feces using a polymerase chain reaction. We collected dietary information through employing a food frequency questionnaire and generated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. We generated a proinflammatory index from serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin validated by receptor operating characteristic curves. We evaluated the association between <i>A. muciniphila</i> and the proinflammatory index using logistic regression, including an interaction term with dietary patterns. Results: We found that children with a low RA of <i>A. muciniphila</i> and a high intake of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats had increased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. However, when the consumption of this dietary pattern is low, children with a low RA of <i>A. muciniphila</i> had decreased odds of being high on the proinflammatory index. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the simultaneous presence of <i>A. muciniphila</i> and diet have a more significant impact on the presence of being high on the proinflammatory index compared to both factors separately.
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