Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mito...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1407 |
| _version_ | 1797615633148411904 |
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| author | Mit Joshi Bhoomika M. Patel |
| author_facet | Mit Joshi Bhoomika M. Patel |
| author_sort | Mit Joshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial matrix, which facilitates a smooth transfer of electrons across ETC complexes. Until now, it was thought that the role of UCPs was to break the electron transport chain and thereby inhibit the synthesis of ATP. UCPs allow protons to pass from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix and decrease the proton gradient across the membrane, which results in decreased ATP synthesis and increased production of heat by mitochondria. In recent years, the role of UCPs in other physiological processes has been deciphered. In this review, we first highlighted the different types of UCPs and their precise location across the body. Second, we summarized the role of UCPs in different diseases, mainly metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular complications, cancer, wasting syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney complications. Based on our findings, we conclude that UCPs play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, ROS production, and apoptosis. Finally, our findings reveal that mitochondrial uncoupling by UCPs may treat many diseases, and extensive clinical studies are required to meet the unmet need of certain diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:29:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a7d8ea953ae4cb5b317f3bbaa8bc0e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:29:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a7d8ea953ae4cb5b317f3bbaa8bc0e22023-11-17T07:23:42ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-02-01155140710.3390/cancers15051407Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer CachexiaMit Joshi0Bhoomika M. Patel1Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, IndiaSchool of Medico-Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar 382007, IndiaUncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial matrix, which facilitates a smooth transfer of electrons across ETC complexes. Until now, it was thought that the role of UCPs was to break the electron transport chain and thereby inhibit the synthesis of ATP. UCPs allow protons to pass from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix and decrease the proton gradient across the membrane, which results in decreased ATP synthesis and increased production of heat by mitochondria. In recent years, the role of UCPs in other physiological processes has been deciphered. In this review, we first highlighted the different types of UCPs and their precise location across the body. Second, we summarized the role of UCPs in different diseases, mainly metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular complications, cancer, wasting syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney complications. Based on our findings, we conclude that UCPs play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, ROS production, and apoptosis. Finally, our findings reveal that mitochondrial uncoupling by UCPs may treat many diseases, and extensive clinical studies are required to meet the unmet need of certain diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1407cancer cachexiauncoupling proteinmitochondriamuscle atrophymetabolismwasting syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Mit Joshi Bhoomika M. Patel Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia Cancers cancer cachexia uncoupling protein mitochondria muscle atrophy metabolism wasting syndrome |
| title | Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia |
| title_full | Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia |
| title_short | Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia |
| title_sort | unveiling the role of the proton gateway uncoupling proteins ucps in cancer cachexia |
| topic | cancer cachexia uncoupling protein mitochondria muscle atrophy metabolism wasting syndrome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/5/1407 |
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