Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory
Turbulence can cause effects such as light intensity fluctuations and phase fluctuations when a laser is transmitted in the atmosphere, which has serious impacts on a number of optical engineering application effects and on climate improvement. Therefore, accurately obtaining real-time turbulence in...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/477 |
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| author | Jiandong Mao Yingnan Zhang Juan Li Xin Gong Hu Zhao Zhimin Rao |
| author_facet | Jiandong Mao Yingnan Zhang Juan Li Xin Gong Hu Zhao Zhimin Rao |
| author_sort | Jiandong Mao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Turbulence can cause effects such as light intensity fluctuations and phase fluctuations when a laser is transmitted in the atmosphere, which has serious impacts on a number of optical engineering application effects and on climate improvement. Therefore, accurately obtaining real-time turbulence intensity information using lidar-active remote sensing technology is of great significance. In this paper, based on residual turbulent scintillation theory, a Mie-scattering lidar method was developed to detect atmospheric turbulence intensity. By extracting light intensity fluctuation information from a Mie-scattering lidar return signal, the atmospheric refractive index structure constant, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, representing the atmospheric turbulence intensity, could be obtained. Specifically, the scintillation effect on the detection path was analyzed, and the probability density distribution of the light intensity of the Mie-scattering lidar return signal was studied. It was verified that the probability density of logarithmic light intensity basically follows a normal distribution under weak fluctuation conditions. The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profile based on Kolmogorov turbulence theory was retrieved using a layered, iterative method through the scintillation index. The method for detecting Kolmogorov turbulence intensity was applied to the detection of the non-Kolmogorov turbulence intensity. Through detection using the scintillation index, the corresponding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profile could be calculated. The detection of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profiles were compared with the Hufnagel–Valley (HV) night model in the Yinchuan area. The results show that the detection results are consistent with the overall change trend of the model. In general, it is feasible to detect a non-Kolmogorov turbulence profile using Mie-scattering lidar. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1a8c31e0818e48c0998a07309a8312222023-11-17T10:56:44ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-03-0125347710.3390/e25030477Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence TheoryJiandong Mao0Yingnan Zhang1Juan Li2Xin Gong3Hu Zhao4Zhimin Rao5School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaTurbulence can cause effects such as light intensity fluctuations and phase fluctuations when a laser is transmitted in the atmosphere, which has serious impacts on a number of optical engineering application effects and on climate improvement. Therefore, accurately obtaining real-time turbulence intensity information using lidar-active remote sensing technology is of great significance. In this paper, based on residual turbulent scintillation theory, a Mie-scattering lidar method was developed to detect atmospheric turbulence intensity. By extracting light intensity fluctuation information from a Mie-scattering lidar return signal, the atmospheric refractive index structure constant, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, representing the atmospheric turbulence intensity, could be obtained. Specifically, the scintillation effect on the detection path was analyzed, and the probability density distribution of the light intensity of the Mie-scattering lidar return signal was studied. It was verified that the probability density of logarithmic light intensity basically follows a normal distribution under weak fluctuation conditions. The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profile based on Kolmogorov turbulence theory was retrieved using a layered, iterative method through the scintillation index. The method for detecting Kolmogorov turbulence intensity was applied to the detection of the non-Kolmogorov turbulence intensity. Through detection using the scintillation index, the corresponding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profile could be calculated. The detection of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> profiles were compared with the Hufnagel–Valley (HV) night model in the Yinchuan area. The results show that the detection results are consistent with the overall change trend of the model. In general, it is feasible to detect a non-Kolmogorov turbulence profile using Mie-scattering lidar.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/477non-Kolmogorov turbulenceMie-scattering lidarrefractive index structure constantprobability density distributionresidual turbulent scintillation theory |
| spellingShingle | Jiandong Mao Yingnan Zhang Juan Li Xin Gong Hu Zhao Zhimin Rao Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory Entropy non-Kolmogorov turbulence Mie-scattering lidar refractive index structure constant probability density distribution residual turbulent scintillation theory |
| title | Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory |
| title_full | Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory |
| title_fullStr | Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory |
| title_short | Novel Detection of Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Using Mie-Scattering Lidar Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Theory |
| title_sort | novel detection of atmospheric turbulence profile using mie scattering lidar based on non kolmogorov turbulence theory |
| topic | non-Kolmogorov turbulence Mie-scattering lidar refractive index structure constant probability density distribution residual turbulent scintillation theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/477 |
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