Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives
Saffron extract was encapsulated into a gelatin matrix by means of electrospinning and freeze drying techniques and the degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds were evaluated during their storage at 4, 24, and 35 °C as compared to non-encapsulated control. The encapsulation efficiency, thermal p...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/12/326 |
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| author | Fatemeh Golpira Neda Maftoonazad Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Golpira Neda Maftoonazad Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Golpira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saffron extract was encapsulated into a gelatin matrix by means of electrospinning and freeze drying techniques and the degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds were evaluated during their storage at 4, 24, and 35 °C as compared to non-encapsulated control. The encapsulation efficiency, thermal properties, storage stability, morphology, and diameter distribution of the encapsulated saffron extract were evaluated as output parameters. In general, both encapsulation techniques demonstrated superior retention of bioactive compounds compared to samples without encapsulation during the entire storage period. Electrospinning and freeze drying techniques were able to retain at least 96.2 and 93.7% of crocin, respectively, after 42 days of storage at 35 °C with the 15% saffron extract. The half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) time parameter for the control sample (with 15% saffron extract without encapsulation) was 22 days at 4 °C temperature, while that encapsulated by electrospinning was 138 days and that obtained for freeze drying was 77 days, The half-lives were longer at lower temperatures. The encapsulation efficiency of crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal associated with the electro-spun gelatin fibers were 76.3, 86.0, and 74.2%, respectively, and in comparison, the freeze drying encapsulation efficiencies were relatively lower, at 69.0, 74.7, and 65.8%, respectively. Electro-spun gelatin fibers also had higher melting and denaturation temperatures of 78.3 °C and 108.1 °C, respectively, as compared to 65.4 °C and 93.2 °C, respectively, for freeze-dried samples. Thus, from all respects, it was concluded that electrospinning was a better and more effective technique than freeze drying in terms of preserving saffron bioactive compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:28Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a9b2b37f3794099958d6abd3c6b29b82023-11-23T08:59:28ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2021-12-0151232610.3390/jcs5120326Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated BioactivesFatemeh Golpira0Neda Maftoonazad1Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy2Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 211111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaAgricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz 7155863511, IranDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 211111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaSaffron extract was encapsulated into a gelatin matrix by means of electrospinning and freeze drying techniques and the degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds were evaluated during their storage at 4, 24, and 35 °C as compared to non-encapsulated control. The encapsulation efficiency, thermal properties, storage stability, morphology, and diameter distribution of the encapsulated saffron extract were evaluated as output parameters. In general, both encapsulation techniques demonstrated superior retention of bioactive compounds compared to samples without encapsulation during the entire storage period. Electrospinning and freeze drying techniques were able to retain at least 96.2 and 93.7% of crocin, respectively, after 42 days of storage at 35 °C with the 15% saffron extract. The half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) time parameter for the control sample (with 15% saffron extract without encapsulation) was 22 days at 4 °C temperature, while that encapsulated by electrospinning was 138 days and that obtained for freeze drying was 77 days, The half-lives were longer at lower temperatures. The encapsulation efficiency of crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal associated with the electro-spun gelatin fibers were 76.3, 86.0, and 74.2%, respectively, and in comparison, the freeze drying encapsulation efficiencies were relatively lower, at 69.0, 74.7, and 65.8%, respectively. Electro-spun gelatin fibers also had higher melting and denaturation temperatures of 78.3 °C and 108.1 °C, respectively, as compared to 65.4 °C and 93.2 °C, respectively, for freeze-dried samples. Thus, from all respects, it was concluded that electrospinning was a better and more effective technique than freeze drying in terms of preserving saffron bioactive compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/12/326gelatinsaffronbioactive compoundsdifferential scanning calorimetryencapsulation efficiencyscanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Golpira Neda Maftoonazad Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives Journal of Composites Science gelatin saffron bioactive compounds differential scanning calorimetry encapsulation efficiency scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives |
| title_full | Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives |
| title_short | Evaluation of Freeze Drying and Electrospinning Techniques for Saffron Encapsulation and Storage Stability of Encapsulated Bioactives |
| title_sort | evaluation of freeze drying and electrospinning techniques for saffron encapsulation and storage stability of encapsulated bioactives |
| topic | gelatin saffron bioactive compounds differential scanning calorimetry encapsulation efficiency scanning electron microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/12/326 |
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