The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China
In the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) particles, while a parallel PM<sub>2.5</sub> inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The mixing state of black carbon...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/14975/2017/acp-17-14975-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1829531934225596416 |
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| author | G. Zhang Q. Lin Q. Lin L. Peng L. Peng X. Bi D. Chen M. Li M. Li L. Li L. Li F. J. Brechtel J. Chen W. Yan X. Wang P. Peng G. Sheng Z. Zhou Z. Zhou |
| author_facet | G. Zhang Q. Lin Q. Lin L. Peng L. Peng X. Bi D. Chen M. Li M. Li L. Li L. Li F. J. Brechtel J. Chen W. Yan X. Wang P. Peng G. Sheng Z. Zhou Z. Zhou |
| author_sort | G. Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES)
particles, while a parallel PM<sub>2.5</sub> inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The
mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles and the mass concentrations of BC in the cloud-free, RES and INT particles
were investigated using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and two aethalometers, respectively, at a mountain site
(1690 m a. s. l. ) in southern China. The measured BC-containing particles were extensively internally mixed with sulfate and
were scavenged into cloud droplets (with number fractions of 0.05–0.45) to a similar (or slightly lower) extent as all the measured particles (0.07–0.6)
over the measured size range of 0.1–1.6 µm. The results indicate the preferential activation of larger particles and/or
that the production of secondary compositions shifts the BC-containing particles towards larger sizes. BC-containing particles with
an abundance of both sulfate and organics were scavenged less than those with sulfate but limited organics, implying the importance
of the mixing state on the incorporation of BC-containing particles into cloud droplets. The mass scavenging efficiency of BC with an
average of 33 % was similar for different cloud events independent of the air mass. This is the first time that both the mixing
state and cloud scavenging of BC in China have been reported. Our results would improve the knowledge on the concentration, mixing
state, and cloud scavenging of BC in the free troposphere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:30:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1aa59f8346b041fea78410886f97e2f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:30:42Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1aa59f8346b041fea78410886f97e2f62022-12-21T22:21:18ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-12-0117149751498510.5194/acp-17-14975-2017The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern ChinaG. Zhang0Q. Lin1Q. Lin2L. Peng3L. Peng4X. Bi5D. Chen6M. Li7M. Li8L. Li9L. Li10F. J. Brechtel11J. Chen12W. Yan13X. Wang14P. Peng15G. Sheng16Z. Zhou17Z. Zhou18State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, PR ChinaInstitute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaGuangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Apportionment, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaInstitute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaGuangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Apportionment, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaBrechtel Manufacturing Inc., Hayward, 94544, CA, USAShaoguan Environmental Monitoring Center, Shaoguan 512026, PR ChinaShaoguan Environmental Monitoring Center, Shaoguan 512026, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaInstitute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaGuangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Apportionment, Guangzhou 510632, PR ChinaIn the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) particles, while a parallel PM<sub>2.5</sub> inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles and the mass concentrations of BC in the cloud-free, RES and INT particles were investigated using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and two aethalometers, respectively, at a mountain site (1690 m a. s. l. ) in southern China. The measured BC-containing particles were extensively internally mixed with sulfate and were scavenged into cloud droplets (with number fractions of 0.05–0.45) to a similar (or slightly lower) extent as all the measured particles (0.07–0.6) over the measured size range of 0.1–1.6 µm. The results indicate the preferential activation of larger particles and/or that the production of secondary compositions shifts the BC-containing particles towards larger sizes. BC-containing particles with an abundance of both sulfate and organics were scavenged less than those with sulfate but limited organics, implying the importance of the mixing state on the incorporation of BC-containing particles into cloud droplets. The mass scavenging efficiency of BC with an average of 33 % was similar for different cloud events independent of the air mass. This is the first time that both the mixing state and cloud scavenging of BC in China have been reported. Our results would improve the knowledge on the concentration, mixing state, and cloud scavenging of BC in the free troposphere.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/14975/2017/acp-17-14975-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | G. Zhang Q. Lin Q. Lin L. Peng L. Peng X. Bi D. Chen M. Li M. Li L. Li L. Li F. J. Brechtel J. Chen W. Yan X. Wang P. Peng G. Sheng Z. Zhou Z. Zhou The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China |
| title_full | The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China |
| title_fullStr | The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China |
| title_short | The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China |
| title_sort | single particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon a case study at a high altitude mountain site in southern china |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/14975/2017/acp-17-14975-2017.pdf |
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