Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a good response to those advanced applications that service requirements are diverse and require high performance. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, with its many advantages, including high flexibility for complex geometries and near-net-shape integrati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421010425 |
| _version_ | 1819099357070229504 |
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| author | Reza Ghanavati Homam Naffakh-Moosavy Mahmoud Moradi |
| author_facet | Reza Ghanavati Homam Naffakh-Moosavy Mahmoud Moradi |
| author_sort | Reza Ghanavati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a good response to those advanced applications that service requirements are diverse and require high performance. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, with its many advantages, including high flexibility for complex geometries and near-net-shape integration, has attracted special attention in the development of FGMs. In this research, the solidification behavior and microstructure evolution in the laser additive manufacturing of thin-walled stainless steel 316L-Inconel 718 graded materials have been studied with the help of solidification concepts in the welding metallurgy, according to the common principles of welding and additive manufacturing processes. For this purpose, optical and electron microscopy techniques, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and microhardness measurement were used along the build direction of FGMs with different transition designs. Microstructure evaluation showed that due to re-melting of layers, despite the increased undercooling in the build direction, morphological evolution occasionally occurred periodically between solidification modes, and due to thermal accumulation, a coarser microstructure is formed in the final layers. In addition, in the chemical analysis, it was observed that the mixing of adjacent layers caused by dilution led to a deviation of the composition distribution from the desired design. Also, the microsegregation of some elements during the non-equilibrium solidification of the process caused secondary phases such as carbides and intermetallic compound of Laves, which can have an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the structure. However, microhardness variations along the cross-section of the samples showed that the gradation of the dissimilar thin-walled structure can effectively bring the properties and behavior of adjacent layers closer together and therefore be very useful in improving the service life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:45:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ab45bbf48554f268546365699c770fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:45:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ab45bbf48554f268546365699c770fc2022-12-21T18:44:33ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542021-11-011526732685Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal depositionReza Ghanavati0Homam Naffakh-Moosavy1Mahmoud Moradi2Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Gulson Road, Coventry, CV1 2JH, UKFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) are a good response to those advanced applications that service requirements are diverse and require high performance. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, with its many advantages, including high flexibility for complex geometries and near-net-shape integration, has attracted special attention in the development of FGMs. In this research, the solidification behavior and microstructure evolution in the laser additive manufacturing of thin-walled stainless steel 316L-Inconel 718 graded materials have been studied with the help of solidification concepts in the welding metallurgy, according to the common principles of welding and additive manufacturing processes. For this purpose, optical and electron microscopy techniques, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and microhardness measurement were used along the build direction of FGMs with different transition designs. Microstructure evaluation showed that due to re-melting of layers, despite the increased undercooling in the build direction, morphological evolution occasionally occurred periodically between solidification modes, and due to thermal accumulation, a coarser microstructure is formed in the final layers. In addition, in the chemical analysis, it was observed that the mixing of adjacent layers caused by dilution led to a deviation of the composition distribution from the desired design. Also, the microsegregation of some elements during the non-equilibrium solidification of the process caused secondary phases such as carbides and intermetallic compound of Laves, which can have an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the structure. However, microhardness variations along the cross-section of the samples showed that the gradation of the dissimilar thin-walled structure can effectively bring the properties and behavior of adjacent layers closer together and therefore be very useful in improving the service life.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421010425Additive manufacturingThin-walledFunctionally graded materialsLaser depositionMicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Reza Ghanavati Homam Naffakh-Moosavy Mahmoud Moradi Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition Journal of Materials Research and Technology Additive manufacturing Thin-walled Functionally graded materials Laser deposition Microstructure |
| title | Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| title_full | Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| title_fullStr | Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| title_short | Additive manufacturing of thin-walled SS316L-IN718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| title_sort | additive manufacturing of thin walled ss316l in718 functionally graded materials by direct laser metal deposition |
| topic | Additive manufacturing Thin-walled Functionally graded materials Laser deposition Microstructure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421010425 |
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