The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system
The root rot disease causes a great economic loss, and the disease severity usually increases as ginseng ages. However, it is still unclear whether the disease severity is related to changes in microorganisms during the entire growing stage of American ginseng. The present study examined the microbi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097742/full |
| _version_ | 1828033313546174464 |
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| author | Yan-Meng Bi Yan-Meng Bi Xi-Mei Zhang Xi-Mei Zhang Xiao-Lin Jiao Xiao-Lin Jiao Jun-Fei Li Na Peng Gei-Lin Tian Gei-Lin Tian Yi Wang Wei-Wei Gao |
| author_facet | Yan-Meng Bi Yan-Meng Bi Xi-Mei Zhang Xi-Mei Zhang Xiao-Lin Jiao Xiao-Lin Jiao Jun-Fei Li Na Peng Gei-Lin Tian Gei-Lin Tian Yi Wang Wei-Wei Gao |
| author_sort | Yan-Meng Bi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The root rot disease causes a great economic loss, and the disease severity usually increases as ginseng ages. However, it is still unclear whether the disease severity is related to changes in microorganisms during the entire growing stage of American ginseng. The present study examined the microbial community in the rhizosphere and the chemical properties of the soil in 1–4-year-old ginseng plants grown in different seasons at two different sites. Additionally, the study investigated ginseng plants' root rot disease index (DI). The results showed that the DI of ginseng increased 2.2 times in one sampling site and 4.7 times in another during the 4 years. With respect to the microbial community, the bacterial diversity increased with the seasons in the first, third, and fourth years but remained steady in the second year. The seasonal changing of relative abundances of bacteria and fungi showed the same trend in the first, third, and fourth years but not in the second year. Linear models revealed that the relative abundances of Blastococcus, Symbiobacterium, Goffeauzyma, Entoloma, Staphylotrichum, Gymnomyces, Hirsutella, Penicillium and Suillus spp. were negatively correlated with DI, while the relative abundance of Pandoraea, Rhizomicrobium, Hebeloma, Elaphomyces, Pseudeurotium, Fusarium, Geomyces, Polyscytalum, Remersonia, Rhizopus, Acremonium, Paraphaeosphaeria, Mortierella, and Metarhizium spp. were positively correlated with DI (P < 0.05). The Mantel test showed that soil chemical properties, including available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matter, and pH, were significantly correlated to microbial composition. The contents of available potassium and nitrogen were positively correlated with DI, while pH and organic matter were negatively correlated with DI. In summary, we can deduce that the second year is the key period for the shift of the American ginseng rhizosphere microbial community. Disease aggravation after the third year is related to the deterioration of the rhizosphere microecosystem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:18:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ab988107f294ac2b8c429b35ca15619 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:18:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ab988107f294ac2b8c429b35ca156192023-02-14T17:26:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-02-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10977421097742The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng systemYan-Meng Bi0Yan-Meng Bi1Xi-Mei Zhang2Xi-Mei Zhang3Xiao-Lin Jiao4Xiao-Lin Jiao5Jun-Fei Li6Na Peng7Gei-Lin Tian8Gei-Lin Tian9Yi Wang10Wei-Wei Gao11Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Biology and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaBiomedicine School, Beijing City University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaThe root rot disease causes a great economic loss, and the disease severity usually increases as ginseng ages. However, it is still unclear whether the disease severity is related to changes in microorganisms during the entire growing stage of American ginseng. The present study examined the microbial community in the rhizosphere and the chemical properties of the soil in 1–4-year-old ginseng plants grown in different seasons at two different sites. Additionally, the study investigated ginseng plants' root rot disease index (DI). The results showed that the DI of ginseng increased 2.2 times in one sampling site and 4.7 times in another during the 4 years. With respect to the microbial community, the bacterial diversity increased with the seasons in the first, third, and fourth years but remained steady in the second year. The seasonal changing of relative abundances of bacteria and fungi showed the same trend in the first, third, and fourth years but not in the second year. Linear models revealed that the relative abundances of Blastococcus, Symbiobacterium, Goffeauzyma, Entoloma, Staphylotrichum, Gymnomyces, Hirsutella, Penicillium and Suillus spp. were negatively correlated with DI, while the relative abundance of Pandoraea, Rhizomicrobium, Hebeloma, Elaphomyces, Pseudeurotium, Fusarium, Geomyces, Polyscytalum, Remersonia, Rhizopus, Acremonium, Paraphaeosphaeria, Mortierella, and Metarhizium spp. were positively correlated with DI (P < 0.05). The Mantel test showed that soil chemical properties, including available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matter, and pH, were significantly correlated to microbial composition. The contents of available potassium and nitrogen were positively correlated with DI, while pH and organic matter were negatively correlated with DI. In summary, we can deduce that the second year is the key period for the shift of the American ginseng rhizosphere microbial community. Disease aggravation after the third year is related to the deterioration of the rhizosphere microecosystem.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097742/fullroot rot diseasecontinuous croppingmicrobial communityAmerican ginsengchemical properties |
| spellingShingle | Yan-Meng Bi Yan-Meng Bi Xi-Mei Zhang Xi-Mei Zhang Xiao-Lin Jiao Xiao-Lin Jiao Jun-Fei Li Na Peng Gei-Lin Tian Gei-Lin Tian Yi Wang Wei-Wei Gao The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system Frontiers in Microbiology root rot disease continuous cropping microbial community American ginseng chemical properties |
| title | The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system |
| title_full | The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system |
| title_short | The relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping American ginseng system |
| title_sort | relationship between shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community and root rot disease in a continuous cropping american ginseng system |
| topic | root rot disease continuous cropping microbial community American ginseng chemical properties |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097742/full |
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