Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It?
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Langue: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Collection: | Animals |
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| Accès en ligne: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2358 |
| _version_ | 1827734214866370560 |
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| author | Sergio Fandiño Esperanza Gomez-Lucia Laura Benítez Ana Doménech |
| author_facet | Sergio Fandiño Esperanza Gomez-Lucia Laura Benítez Ana Doménech |
| author_sort | Sergio Fandiño |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1abb2aad9f724213bd0c44bc836e9724 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1abb2aad9f724213bd0c44bc836e97242023-11-18T18:01:18ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-07-011314235810.3390/ani13142358Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It?Sergio Fandiño0Esperanza Gomez-Lucia1Laura Benítez2Ana Doménech3Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainAvian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2358avian leukosis virus (ALV)ALV-JALV-Erecombinationchickenwild birds |
| spellingShingle | Sergio Fandiño Esperanza Gomez-Lucia Laura Benítez Ana Doménech Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals avian leukosis virus (ALV) ALV-J ALV-E recombination chicken wild birds |
| title | Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? |
| title_full | Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? |
| title_fullStr | Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? |
| title_short | Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? |
| title_sort | avian leukosis will we be able to get rid of it |
| topic | avian leukosis virus (ALV) ALV-J ALV-E recombination chicken wild birds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2358 |
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