Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated exp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/6/1226 |
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| author | Liliana Villao-Uzho Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete Ricardo Pacheco-Coello Eduardo Sánchez-Timm Efrén Santos-Ordóñez |
| author_facet | Liliana Villao-Uzho Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete Ricardo Pacheco-Coello Eduardo Sánchez-Timm Efrén Santos-Ordóñez |
| author_sort | Liliana Villao-Uzho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:25:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1acf8a17763f42f985ab68cd36334161 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:25:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1acf8a17763f42f985ab68cd363341612023-11-18T10:34:33ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-06-01146122610.3390/genes14061226Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene RegulationLiliana Villao-Uzho0Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete1Ricardo Pacheco-Coello2Eduardo Sánchez-Timm3Efrén Santos-Ordóñez4Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorBiotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorBiotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorBiotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorBiotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorOne of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/6/1226transcriptiongene expressiongenetic engineeringgeneticspromoters |
| spellingShingle | Liliana Villao-Uzho Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete Ricardo Pacheco-Coello Eduardo Sánchez-Timm Efrén Santos-Ordóñez Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation Genes transcription gene expression genetic engineering genetics promoters |
| title | Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation |
| title_full | Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation |
| title_short | Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation |
| title_sort | plant promoters their identification characterization and role in gene regulation |
| topic | transcription gene expression genetic engineering genetics promoters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/6/1226 |
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