Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients aged 19 years or below according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The condition is characterised by fever, inflammation and organ dysfunction. PIMS mimics Kawasaki disease or toxic sho...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SMC MEDIA SRL
2022-05-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/3335 |
| _version_ | 1818240403901513728 |
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| author | Owais Rahman Junaid Rasul Waqas Mahmood Niamh Logan Aidan O'Brien |
| author_facet | Owais Rahman Junaid Rasul Waqas Mahmood Niamh Logan Aidan O'Brien |
| author_sort | Owais Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients aged 19 years or below according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The condition is characterised by fever, inflammation and organ dysfunction. PIMS mimics Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. As SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global pandemic, clinicians need to be aware of the conditions associated with it.
We present the case of 18-year-old woman who was admitted with multi-organ failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit. The differential diagnosis included toxic shock syndrome, Kawasaki disease and PIMS. The overall picture fit the criteria for PIMS but the patient had a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, which presented additional diagnostic difficulties. As the PCR test was negative, IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured to detect past infection and tested positive. The patient was diagnosed with PIMS as she met the WHO criteria after other differential diagnoses were excluded. She was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:12:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ad07e638e354ecca1039097cfd99da8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2284-2594 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:12:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | SMC MEDIA SRL |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ad07e638e354ecca1039097cfd99da82022-12-22T00:23:28ZengSMC MEDIA SRLEuropean Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine2284-25942022-05-0110.12890/2022_0033352870Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative PatientOwais Rahman0Junaid Rasul1Waqas Mahmood2Niamh Logan3Aidan O'Brien4University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, IrelandUniversity Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, IrelandUniversity Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, IrelandUniversity Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, IrelandUniversity Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, IrelandPaediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients aged 19 years or below according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The condition is characterised by fever, inflammation and organ dysfunction. PIMS mimics Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. As SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global pandemic, clinicians need to be aware of the conditions associated with it. We present the case of 18-year-old woman who was admitted with multi-organ failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit. The differential diagnosis included toxic shock syndrome, Kawasaki disease and PIMS. The overall picture fit the criteria for PIMS but the patient had a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, which presented additional diagnostic difficulties. As the PCR test was negative, IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured to detect past infection and tested positive. The patient was diagnosed with PIMS as she met the WHO criteria after other differential diagnoses were excluded. She was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/3335covid-19sars-cov-2toxic shock syndrome kawasaki diseaseintensive care unitigg antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Owais Rahman Junaid Rasul Waqas Mahmood Niamh Logan Aidan O'Brien Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine covid-19 sars-cov-2 toxic shock syndrome kawasaki disease intensive care unit igg antibodies |
| title | Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient |
| title_full | Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient |
| title_fullStr | Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient |
| title_short | Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge in a COVID-19-Negative Patient |
| title_sort | paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome a diagnostic challenge in a covid 19 negative patient |
| topic | covid-19 sars-cov-2 toxic shock syndrome kawasaki disease intensive care unit igg antibodies |
| url | https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/3335 |
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