Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking
<i>Enterococcus</i> spp. are common bacteria present in the intestinal tracts of animals and are used as fecal indicators in aquatic environments. On the other hand, enterococci are also known as opportunistic pathogens. Elucidating their composition in the intestinal tracts of domestic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2981 |
| _version_ | 1797379964568338432 |
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| author | Soichiro Tamai Yoshihiro Suzuki |
| author_facet | Soichiro Tamai Yoshihiro Suzuki |
| author_sort | Soichiro Tamai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. are common bacteria present in the intestinal tracts of animals and are used as fecal indicators in aquatic environments. On the other hand, enterococci are also known as opportunistic pathogens. Elucidating their composition in the intestinal tracts of domestic animals can assist in estimating the sources of fecal contamination in aquatic environments. However, information on the species and composition of enterococci in animal hosts (except humans) is still lacking. In this study, enterococci were isolated from the feces of cattle, pigs, birds, and humans using selective media. Enterococcal species were identified using mass spectrometry technology, and each host was characterized by diversity and cluster analysis. The most dominant species were <i>E. hirae</i> in cattle, <i>E. faecium</i> in birds, and <i>E. faecalis</i> in pigs and humans. Cattle had the highest alpha diversity, with high interindividual and livestock farm diversity. The dominant enterococcal species in pigs and humans were identical, and cluster analysis showed that the majority of the two hosts’ species clustered together. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1addbf543c364846a83bd3a31b207c4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-1addbf543c364846a83bd3a31b207c4e2023-12-22T14:26:17ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-011112298110.3390/microorganisms11122981Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source TrackingSoichiro Tamai0Yoshihiro Suzuki1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan<i>Enterococcus</i> spp. are common bacteria present in the intestinal tracts of animals and are used as fecal indicators in aquatic environments. On the other hand, enterococci are also known as opportunistic pathogens. Elucidating their composition in the intestinal tracts of domestic animals can assist in estimating the sources of fecal contamination in aquatic environments. However, information on the species and composition of enterococci in animal hosts (except humans) is still lacking. In this study, enterococci were isolated from the feces of cattle, pigs, birds, and humans using selective media. Enterococcal species were identified using mass spectrometry technology, and each host was characterized by diversity and cluster analysis. The most dominant species were <i>E. hirae</i> in cattle, <i>E. faecium</i> in birds, and <i>E. faecalis</i> in pigs and humans. Cattle had the highest alpha diversity, with high interindividual and livestock farm diversity. The dominant enterococcal species in pigs and humans were identical, and cluster analysis showed that the majority of the two hosts’ species clustered together.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2981<i>Enterococcus</i>bacterial diversityhost-specific bacteriafecal source trackingwater quality |
| spellingShingle | Soichiro Tamai Yoshihiro Suzuki Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking Microorganisms <i>Enterococcus</i> bacterial diversity host-specific bacteria fecal source tracking water quality |
| title | Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking |
| title_full | Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking |
| title_fullStr | Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking |
| title_short | Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking |
| title_sort | diversity of fecal indicator enterococci among different hosts importance to water contamination source tracking |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus</i> bacterial diversity host-specific bacteria fecal source tracking water quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2981 |
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