Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism
7-demethoxytylophorine (DEM) is a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, which is reported to be effective in inhibiting leucocytes and regulation of human immunity. However, few studies reported the inhibitory effect of DEM against plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly postharvest pathogen <i>Penici...
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/36 |
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| author | Chuying Chen Wenwen Qi Xuan Peng Jinyin Chen Chunpeng Wan |
| author_facet | Chuying Chen Wenwen Qi Xuan Peng Jinyin Chen Chunpeng Wan |
| author_sort | Chuying Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 7-demethoxytylophorine (DEM) is a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, which is reported to be effective in inhibiting leucocytes and regulation of human immunity. However, few studies reported the inhibitory effect of DEM against plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly postharvest pathogen <i>Penicillium italicum</i> (<i>P. italicum</i>). Current studies have investigated the antifungal activity of DEM through membrane damage and energy deficit in <i>P. italicum</i>. The results showed that the DEM potentially inhibits the growth of <i>P. italicum</i> in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro (mycelial growth and spore germination) tests showed great minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.56 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>) and minimum fugicide concentration (MFC) (6.25 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>). Microscopic analyses showed that mycelial morphology of <i>P. italicum</i> was severely damaged following DEM treatment. Moreover, relative electrical conductivity and lysis ability assays showed that DEM treatment aids in destroying the integrity of plasma membranes that deplete reducing sugars and soluble proteins. The activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) demonstrated that DEM led to the disruption of TCA cycle in <i>P. italicum</i> mycelia. The results of this study led us to conclude that, DEM could be used as a natural antifungal agent for controlling postharvest blue mold disease of citrus fruits caused by <i>P. italicum</i>. |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T10:24:48Z |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ae82b7f79a0464aacf3b47fb18d00712022-12-21T17:50:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072019-01-01723610.3390/microorganisms7020036microorganisms7020036Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible MechanismChuying Chen0Wenwen Qi1Xuan Peng2Jinyin Chen3Chunpeng Wan4Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaPingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China7-demethoxytylophorine (DEM) is a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, which is reported to be effective in inhibiting leucocytes and regulation of human immunity. However, few studies reported the inhibitory effect of DEM against plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly postharvest pathogen <i>Penicillium italicum</i> (<i>P. italicum</i>). Current studies have investigated the antifungal activity of DEM through membrane damage and energy deficit in <i>P. italicum</i>. The results showed that the DEM potentially inhibits the growth of <i>P. italicum</i> in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro (mycelial growth and spore germination) tests showed great minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.56 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>) and minimum fugicide concentration (MFC) (6.25 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>). Microscopic analyses showed that mycelial morphology of <i>P. italicum</i> was severely damaged following DEM treatment. Moreover, relative electrical conductivity and lysis ability assays showed that DEM treatment aids in destroying the integrity of plasma membranes that deplete reducing sugars and soluble proteins. The activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) demonstrated that DEM led to the disruption of TCA cycle in <i>P. italicum</i> mycelia. The results of this study led us to conclude that, DEM could be used as a natural antifungal agent for controlling postharvest blue mold disease of citrus fruits caused by <i>P. italicum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/367-demethoxytylophorineantifungal activity<i>Penicillium italicum</i>membrane integrityenergy deficit |
| spellingShingle | Chuying Chen Wenwen Qi Xuan Peng Jinyin Chen Chunpeng Wan Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism Microorganisms 7-demethoxytylophorine antifungal activity <i>Penicillium italicum</i> membrane integrity energy deficit |
| title | Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism |
| title_full | Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism |
| title_short | Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and its Possible Mechanism |
| title_sort | inhibitory effect of 7 demethoxytylophorine on i penicillium italicum i and its possible mechanism |
| topic | 7-demethoxytylophorine antifungal activity <i>Penicillium italicum</i> membrane integrity energy deficit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/2/36 |
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