HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples
Drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) use chlorination as an oxidation stage in the first step of the processes used to eliminate the natural organic matter (NOM) responsible for the formation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and Geosmin (GM), which produce odor and taste to the water. However, chlori...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/84 |
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| author | Diego Pardina Asier Santamaria María Luz Alonso Luis Bartolomé Rosa M. Alonso Jon Ander Maña Elisabeth Bilbao Jose Ignacio Lombraña Mikel Bartolome Luis M. Hernando |
| author_facet | Diego Pardina Asier Santamaria María Luz Alonso Luis Bartolomé Rosa M. Alonso Jon Ander Maña Elisabeth Bilbao Jose Ignacio Lombraña Mikel Bartolome Luis M. Hernando |
| author_sort | Diego Pardina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) use chlorination as an oxidation stage in the first step of the processes used to eliminate the natural organic matter (NOM) responsible for the formation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and Geosmin (GM), which produce odor and taste to the water. However, chlorination processes give rise to disinfectant toxic subproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this work, a headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method has been developed for the quality control of drinking water. 2-MIB, GM, and THMs at different stages of the drinking water treatment process were monitored. The method was validated following the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Neither carryover nor the matrix effect was observed. The performance of the method was satisfactory in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and accuracy and exhibited a linear concentration range of 0.8–50 µg/L for trichloromethane (TCM), 0.05–20 µg/L for bromodichloromethane, 0.01–20 µg/L for dibromochloromethane and tribromomethane, and 0.005–0.05 µg/L for GM and 2-MIB. The THMs concentration obtained for all the water samples was below the thresholds established by international organizations and, for 2-MIB and GM, were lower for their limit of quantification. The method was also applied to the adsorption kinetic study of TCM on granulated activated carbon, which is the main barrier to reducing the NOM in DWTP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:00:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1aea2497538f4a90abf4ceb45208d1f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:00:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1aea2497538f4a90abf4ceb45208d1f42023-11-16T19:46:03ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402023-01-011128410.3390/chemosensors11020084HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water SamplesDiego Pardina0Asier Santamaria1María Luz Alonso2Luis Bartolomé3Rosa M. Alonso4Jon Ander Maña5Elisabeth Bilbao6Jose Ignacio Lombraña7Mikel Bartolome8Luis M. Hernando9Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainAnalytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainAnalytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainSGIker, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainAnalytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainChemical Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainChemical Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainChemical Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainConsorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, San Vicente, 8, 48001 Bilbao, Bizkaia, SpainConsorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, San Vicente, 8, 48001 Bilbao, Bizkaia, SpainDrinking water treatment plants (DWTP) use chlorination as an oxidation stage in the first step of the processes used to eliminate the natural organic matter (NOM) responsible for the formation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and Geosmin (GM), which produce odor and taste to the water. However, chlorination processes give rise to disinfectant toxic subproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this work, a headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method has been developed for the quality control of drinking water. 2-MIB, GM, and THMs at different stages of the drinking water treatment process were monitored. The method was validated following the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Neither carryover nor the matrix effect was observed. The performance of the method was satisfactory in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and accuracy and exhibited a linear concentration range of 0.8–50 µg/L for trichloromethane (TCM), 0.05–20 µg/L for bromodichloromethane, 0.01–20 µg/L for dibromochloromethane and tribromomethane, and 0.005–0.05 µg/L for GM and 2-MIB. The THMs concentration obtained for all the water samples was below the thresholds established by international organizations and, for 2-MIB and GM, were lower for their limit of quantification. The method was also applied to the adsorption kinetic study of TCM on granulated activated carbon, which is the main barrier to reducing the NOM in DWTP.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/84trihalomethanesgeosmin2-methylisoborneolsolid-phase microextractiongas chromatographymass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Diego Pardina Asier Santamaria María Luz Alonso Luis Bartolomé Rosa M. Alonso Jon Ander Maña Elisabeth Bilbao Jose Ignacio Lombraña Mikel Bartolome Luis M. Hernando HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples Chemosensors trihalomethanes geosmin 2-methylisoborneol solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| title | HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples |
| title_full | HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples |
| title_fullStr | HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples |
| title_short | HS-SPME-GC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trihalomethanes, Geosmin, and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water Samples |
| title_sort | hs spme gc ms method for the simultaneous determination of trihalomethanes geosmin and 2 methylisoborneol in water samples |
| topic | trihalomethanes geosmin 2-methylisoborneol solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/84 |
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