Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles
Objective Self-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.Methods and analysis A cross-sectional study of two...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-10-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001202.full |
| _version_ | 1797370990668283904 |
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| author | Stephen Ocansey Rufaida Amuda Carl Halladay Abraham Emmanuel Kwasi Abu |
| author_facet | Stephen Ocansey Rufaida Amuda Carl Halladay Abraham Emmanuel Kwasi Abu |
| author_sort | Stephen Ocansey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Self-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.Methods and analysis A cross-sectional study of two Alvarez variable-focus SRS designs was conducted. A total of 167 children (mean age 13.6±1.6 years) identified as having refractive error were recruited from 2465 students who underwent screening. Subjects completed self-refraction using FocusSpecs, and Adlens, autorefraction and cycloplegic subjective refraction (CSR) (gold standard). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare visual outcomes and accuracy of refraction and graphically illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.Results Eighty (47.9%) urban and 87 (52.1%) rural children were analysed and only about one-quarter 40 (24.0%) wore spectacles. The proportion who achieved visual acuity of ≥6/7.5 with FocusSpec, Adlens, autorefraction and CSR among urban schools were 92.6%, 92.4%, 60% and 92.6%, while those in rural schools were 81.6%, 86.2%, 54.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The mean±SD spherical equivalent errors for urban and rural schools using FocusSpec, Adlens and CSR were −1.05±0.61 D, –0.97±0.58 D and −0.78±0.53 D; and −0.47±0.51 D, –0.55±0.43 D and −0.27±0.11 D, respectively. The mean differences between the two self-refraction spectacles for urban and rural schools were not statistically different (p>0.00) but differed significantly when both were compared with the gold standard (CSR) (p<0.05).Conclusion Background and refraction experience of school children did not significantly affect self-refraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:12:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1aeafae4977e401db06f6317ea55743f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2397-3269 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:12:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1aeafae4977e401db06f6317ea55743f2023-12-31T22:10:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Ophthalmology2397-32692023-10-018110.1136/bmjophth-2022-001202Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectaclesStephen Ocansey0Rufaida Amuda1Carl Halladay Abraham2Emmanuel Kwasi Abu3Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GhanaAiren Eye Centre, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GhanaDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GhanaObjective Self-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.Methods and analysis A cross-sectional study of two Alvarez variable-focus SRS designs was conducted. A total of 167 children (mean age 13.6±1.6 years) identified as having refractive error were recruited from 2465 students who underwent screening. Subjects completed self-refraction using FocusSpecs, and Adlens, autorefraction and cycloplegic subjective refraction (CSR) (gold standard). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare visual outcomes and accuracy of refraction and graphically illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.Results Eighty (47.9%) urban and 87 (52.1%) rural children were analysed and only about one-quarter 40 (24.0%) wore spectacles. The proportion who achieved visual acuity of ≥6/7.5 with FocusSpec, Adlens, autorefraction and CSR among urban schools were 92.6%, 92.4%, 60% and 92.6%, while those in rural schools were 81.6%, 86.2%, 54.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The mean±SD spherical equivalent errors for urban and rural schools using FocusSpec, Adlens and CSR were −1.05±0.61 D, –0.97±0.58 D and −0.78±0.53 D; and −0.47±0.51 D, –0.55±0.43 D and −0.27±0.11 D, respectively. The mean differences between the two self-refraction spectacles for urban and rural schools were not statistically different (p>0.00) but differed significantly when both were compared with the gold standard (CSR) (p<0.05).Conclusion Background and refraction experience of school children did not significantly affect self-refraction.https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001202.full |
| spellingShingle | Stephen Ocansey Rufaida Amuda Carl Halladay Abraham Emmanuel Kwasi Abu Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| title | Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles |
| title_full | Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles |
| title_fullStr | Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles |
| title_short | Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles |
| title_sort | refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self adjustable spectacles |
| url | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001202.full |
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