Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs
Modified live vaccines (MLVs) against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been regularly associated with safety issues, such as reversion to virulence. In order to characterize the phenotypic and genetic evolution of the PRRSV-1 DV strain from the Porcilis<sup>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/392 |
| _version_ | 1827694967719460864 |
|---|---|
| author | Julie Eclercy Patricia Renson Edouard Hirchaud Mathieu Andraud Véronique Beven Frédéric Paboeuf Nicolas Rose Yannick Blanchard Olivier Bourry |
| author_facet | Julie Eclercy Patricia Renson Edouard Hirchaud Mathieu Andraud Véronique Beven Frédéric Paboeuf Nicolas Rose Yannick Blanchard Olivier Bourry |
| author_sort | Julie Eclercy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modified live vaccines (MLVs) against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been regularly associated with safety issues, such as reversion to virulence. In order to characterize the phenotypic and genetic evolution of the PRRSV-1 DV strain from the Porcilis<sup>®</sup> PRRS MLV after limited passages in pigs, three in vivo experiments were performed. Trial#1 aimed (i) at studying transmission of the vaccine strain from vaccinated to unvaccinated contact pigs. Trial#2 and Trial#3 were designed (ii) to assess the reproducibility of Trial#1, using another vaccine batch, and (iii) to compare the virulence levels of two DV strains isolated from vaccinated (passage one) and diseased contact pigs (passage two) from Trial#1. DV strain isolates from vaccinated and contact pigs from Trial#1 and Trial#2 were submitted to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) full-genome sequencing. All contact animals from Trial#1 were infected and showed significantly increased viremia compared to vaccinated pigs, whereas no such change was observed during Trial#2. In Trial#3, viremia and transmission were higher for inoculated pigs with passage two of the DV strain, compared with passage one. In this study, we showed that the re-adaptation of the DV strain to pigs is associated with faster replication and increased transmission of the vaccine strain. Punctually, a decrease of attenuation of the DV vaccine strain associated with clinical signs and increased viremia may occur after limited passages in pigs. Furthermore, we identified three mutations linked to pig re-adaptation and five other mutations as potential virulence determinants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:16:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1aed5ddf6542418b92973abec756cf37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:16:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-1aed5ddf6542418b92973abec756cf372023-11-21T15:49:07ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-04-019439210.3390/vaccines9040392Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in PigsJulie Eclercy0Patricia Renson1Edouard Hirchaud2Mathieu Andraud3Véronique Beven4Frédéric Paboeuf5Nicolas Rose6Yannick Blanchard7Olivier Bourry8Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceAgence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, FranceModified live vaccines (MLVs) against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been regularly associated with safety issues, such as reversion to virulence. In order to characterize the phenotypic and genetic evolution of the PRRSV-1 DV strain from the Porcilis<sup>®</sup> PRRS MLV after limited passages in pigs, three in vivo experiments were performed. Trial#1 aimed (i) at studying transmission of the vaccine strain from vaccinated to unvaccinated contact pigs. Trial#2 and Trial#3 were designed (ii) to assess the reproducibility of Trial#1, using another vaccine batch, and (iii) to compare the virulence levels of two DV strains isolated from vaccinated (passage one) and diseased contact pigs (passage two) from Trial#1. DV strain isolates from vaccinated and contact pigs from Trial#1 and Trial#2 were submitted to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) full-genome sequencing. All contact animals from Trial#1 were infected and showed significantly increased viremia compared to vaccinated pigs, whereas no such change was observed during Trial#2. In Trial#3, viremia and transmission were higher for inoculated pigs with passage two of the DV strain, compared with passage one. In this study, we showed that the re-adaptation of the DV strain to pigs is associated with faster replication and increased transmission of the vaccine strain. Punctually, a decrease of attenuation of the DV vaccine strain associated with clinical signs and increased viremia may occur after limited passages in pigs. Furthermore, we identified three mutations linked to pig re-adaptation and five other mutations as potential virulence determinants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/392PRRS virusmodified live vaccineattenuationvariantsmutation |
| spellingShingle | Julie Eclercy Patricia Renson Edouard Hirchaud Mathieu Andraud Véronique Beven Frédéric Paboeuf Nicolas Rose Yannick Blanchard Olivier Bourry Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs Vaccines PRRS virus modified live vaccine attenuation variants mutation |
| title | Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs |
| title_full | Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs |
| title_short | Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs |
| title_sort | phenotypic and genetic evolutions of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome modified live vaccine after limited passages in pigs |
| topic | PRRS virus modified live vaccine attenuation variants mutation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/392 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT julieeclercy phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT patriciarenson phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT edouardhirchaud phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT mathieuandraud phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT veroniquebeven phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT fredericpaboeuf phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT nicolasrose phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT yannickblanchard phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs AT olivierbourry phenotypicandgeneticevolutionsofaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromemodifiedlivevaccineafterlimitedpassagesinpigs |