Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method
The durability against decay organisms is an essential material property for wood in outdoor use. A jack of all trades method for above-ground wood durability testing has been sought for decades, but until now no method has found its way into European standardization. The method of choice shall be a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1460 |
| _version_ | 1797589219227467776 |
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| author | Christian Brischke Gry Alfredsen Lukas Emmerich Miha Humar Linda Meyer-Veltrup |
| author_facet | Christian Brischke Gry Alfredsen Lukas Emmerich Miha Humar Linda Meyer-Veltrup |
| author_sort | Christian Brischke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The durability against decay organisms is an essential material property for wood in outdoor use. A jack of all trades method for above-ground wood durability testing has been sought for decades, but until now no method has found its way into European standardization. The method of choice shall be applicable for untreated and treated wood—ideally also for wood composites. It shall further be reproducible, objective, fast, easy, and inexpensive. Finally, it shall provide high predictive power. This study was aimed at a review of results and practical experience with the Bundle test method which could serve as a standard procedure for above-ground field tests of wood-based materials. The method allows for water-trapping, creates a moderate moisture-induced decay risk typical for UC 3 situations, and was found applicable for a wide range of wood materials. The method allows for rapid infestation and failure of non-durable reference species within five years in Central Europe. Based on results from Bundle tests with different modifications and performed at different locations, a guideline has been developed. The method is recommended as a suitable tool for determining the durability of various wood-based materials including modified and preservative-treated wood and can provide data for durability classification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:03:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1aefbcc18d164e5ab81cb9c5e581a872 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:03:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-1aefbcc18d164e5ab81cb9c5e581a8722023-11-18T19:24:40ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-07-01147146010.3390/f14071460Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test MethodChristian Brischke0Gry Alfredsen1Lukas Emmerich2Miha Humar3Linda Meyer-Veltrup4Thuenen Institute of Wood Research, Leuschnerstraße 91d, D-21031 Hamburg, GermanyNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 8, NO-1433 Ås, NorwayWood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaHeinz-Piest Institute for Skilled Crafts, Wilhelm-Busch-Straße 18, D-30167 Hanover, GermanyThe durability against decay organisms is an essential material property for wood in outdoor use. A jack of all trades method for above-ground wood durability testing has been sought for decades, but until now no method has found its way into European standardization. The method of choice shall be applicable for untreated and treated wood—ideally also for wood composites. It shall further be reproducible, objective, fast, easy, and inexpensive. Finally, it shall provide high predictive power. This study was aimed at a review of results and practical experience with the Bundle test method which could serve as a standard procedure for above-ground field tests of wood-based materials. The method allows for water-trapping, creates a moderate moisture-induced decay risk typical for UC 3 situations, and was found applicable for a wide range of wood materials. The method allows for rapid infestation and failure of non-durable reference species within five years in Central Europe. Based on results from Bundle tests with different modifications and performed at different locations, a guideline has been developed. The method is recommended as a suitable tool for determining the durability of various wood-based materials including modified and preservative-treated wood and can provide data for durability classification.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1460above-grounddurability classesfield testfungal decayuse class 3 (UC 3)wood durability |
| spellingShingle | Christian Brischke Gry Alfredsen Lukas Emmerich Miha Humar Linda Meyer-Veltrup Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method Forests above-ground durability classes field test fungal decay use class 3 (UC 3) wood durability |
| title | Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method |
| title_full | Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method |
| title_fullStr | Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method |
| title_short | Durability of Wood Exposed above Ground—Experience with the Bundle Test Method |
| title_sort | durability of wood exposed above ground experience with the bundle test method |
| topic | above-ground durability classes field test fungal decay use class 3 (UC 3) wood durability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1460 |
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