Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold
Green and blue mold of citrus are threatening diseases that continuously inflict economic post-harvest loss. The suppressive effect of salicylic (SA) and Cinnamomum verum (CV) on green and blue mold of sweet oranges was investigated in this study. Among five tested plant extracts methanolic extract...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1048433/full |
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| author | Anam Moosa Faisal Zulfiqar Kadambot H. M. Siddique |
| author_facet | Anam Moosa Faisal Zulfiqar Kadambot H. M. Siddique |
| author_sort | Anam Moosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green and blue mold of citrus are threatening diseases that continuously inflict economic post-harvest loss. The suppressive effect of salicylic (SA) and Cinnamomum verum (CV) on green and blue mold of sweet oranges was investigated in this study. Among five tested plant extracts methanolic extract of Cinnamon caused the highest colony growth inhibition of P. digitatum and P. italicum in an in vitro antifungal assay. The methanolic extract of Cinnamon in combination with SA showed the lowest disease incidence and severity of green and blue mold on citrus fruit without affecting the fruit quality. Transcriptional profiling of defense enzymes revealed that the polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) genes were upregulated in fruit treated with CV, SA, and their combination compared to the control. The treatment SA+CV caused the highest upsurge in PPO, POD, and PAL gene expression than the control. Furthermore, the biochemical quantification of PPO, POD and PAL also revealed a similar pattern of activity. The present findings unravel the fact that the escalation in the activity of tested defense enzymes is possibly associated with the reduced incidence of blue and green molds. In conclusion, the study unveils the promising suppressive potential of SA+CV against green and blue mold by regulating the expression of PPO, POD, and PAL genes. Therefore, these treatments can find a role as safer alternatives to chemicals in the management of post-harvest green and blue mold. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:17:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1afb5ce932f741c687c9503b8a0e9585 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:17:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1afb5ce932f741c687c9503b8a0e95852022-12-22T02:40:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-11-011310.3389/fpls.2022.10484331048433Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue moldAnam Moosa0Faisal Zulfiqar1Kadambot H. M. Siddique2Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanThe UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AustraliaGreen and blue mold of citrus are threatening diseases that continuously inflict economic post-harvest loss. The suppressive effect of salicylic (SA) and Cinnamomum verum (CV) on green and blue mold of sweet oranges was investigated in this study. Among five tested plant extracts methanolic extract of Cinnamon caused the highest colony growth inhibition of P. digitatum and P. italicum in an in vitro antifungal assay. The methanolic extract of Cinnamon in combination with SA showed the lowest disease incidence and severity of green and blue mold on citrus fruit without affecting the fruit quality. Transcriptional profiling of defense enzymes revealed that the polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) genes were upregulated in fruit treated with CV, SA, and their combination compared to the control. The treatment SA+CV caused the highest upsurge in PPO, POD, and PAL gene expression than the control. Furthermore, the biochemical quantification of PPO, POD and PAL also revealed a similar pattern of activity. The present findings unravel the fact that the escalation in the activity of tested defense enzymes is possibly associated with the reduced incidence of blue and green molds. In conclusion, the study unveils the promising suppressive potential of SA+CV against green and blue mold by regulating the expression of PPO, POD, and PAL genes. Therefore, these treatments can find a role as safer alternatives to chemicals in the management of post-harvest green and blue mold.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1048433/fullinhibitionsweet orangesenzymeperoxidasephenyl-alanine ammonia-lyasepolyphenol oxidase |
| spellingShingle | Anam Moosa Faisal Zulfiqar Kadambot H. M. Siddique Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold Frontiers in Plant Science inhibition sweet oranges enzyme peroxidase phenyl-alanine ammonia-lyase polyphenol oxidase |
| title | Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| title_full | Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| title_short | Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| title_sort | transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold |
| topic | inhibition sweet oranges enzyme peroxidase phenyl-alanine ammonia-lyase polyphenol oxidase |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1048433/full |
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