Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Background The effectiveness of lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) is affected by both intensity and adherence. This study evaluated the associations of LLT intensity, adherence, and the combination of these 2 aspects of LLT management with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.025813 |
| _version_ | 1797936014594932736 |
|---|---|
| author | Faizan Mazhar Paul Hjemdahl Catherine M. Clase Kristina Johnell Tomas Jernberg Arvid Sjölander Juan Jesus Carrero |
| author_facet | Faizan Mazhar Paul Hjemdahl Catherine M. Clase Kristina Johnell Tomas Jernberg Arvid Sjölander Juan Jesus Carrero |
| author_sort | Faizan Mazhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The effectiveness of lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) is affected by both intensity and adherence. This study evaluated the associations of LLT intensity, adherence, and the combination of these 2 aspects of LLT management with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with coronary heart disease. Methods and Results This is an observational study of all adults who suffered a myocardial infarction or had coronary revascularization during 2012 to 2018 and initiated LLT in Stockholm, Sweden. Study exposures were LLT adherence (proportion of days covered), LLT intensity (expected reduction of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and the combined measure of adherence and intensity. At each LLT fill, adherence and intensity during the previous 12 months were calculated. The primary outcomes were MACE (nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke and death); secondary outcomes were low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment and individual components of MACE. We studied 20 490 patients aged 68±11 years, 75% men, mean follow‐up 2.6±1.1 years. Every 10% increase in 1‐year adherence, intensity, or adherence‐adjusted intensity was associated with a lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93–0.96]; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88–0.96]; and HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.89–0.94], respectively) and higher odds of attaining low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goals (odds ratio [OR],1.12 [95% CI, 1.10–1.15]; OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.34–1.51], and OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.19–1.24], respectively). Among patients with good adherence (≥80%), the risk of MACE was similar with low‐moderate and high‐intensity LLT despite differences in the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment with the treatment intensities. Discontinuation ≥1 year increased the risk markedly (HR,1.66 [95% CI, 1.23–2.22]). Conclusions In routine care, good adherence to LLT was associated with the greatest benefit for patients with coronary heart disease. Strategies that improve adherence and use of intensive therapies could substantially reduce cardiovascular risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:24:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b11acd1e4274e8989da41e624f0922f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:24:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b11acd1e4274e8989da41e624f0922f2023-02-02T06:20:21ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802022-07-01111410.1161/JAHA.122.025813Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart DiseaseFaizan Mazhar0Paul Hjemdahl1Catherine M. Clase2Kristina Johnell3Tomas Jernberg4Arvid Sjölander5Juan Jesus Carrero6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact McMaster University OntarioDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenBackground The effectiveness of lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) is affected by both intensity and adherence. This study evaluated the associations of LLT intensity, adherence, and the combination of these 2 aspects of LLT management with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with coronary heart disease. Methods and Results This is an observational study of all adults who suffered a myocardial infarction or had coronary revascularization during 2012 to 2018 and initiated LLT in Stockholm, Sweden. Study exposures were LLT adherence (proportion of days covered), LLT intensity (expected reduction of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and the combined measure of adherence and intensity. At each LLT fill, adherence and intensity during the previous 12 months were calculated. The primary outcomes were MACE (nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke and death); secondary outcomes were low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment and individual components of MACE. We studied 20 490 patients aged 68±11 years, 75% men, mean follow‐up 2.6±1.1 years. Every 10% increase in 1‐year adherence, intensity, or adherence‐adjusted intensity was associated with a lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93–0.96]; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88–0.96]; and HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.89–0.94], respectively) and higher odds of attaining low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goals (odds ratio [OR],1.12 [95% CI, 1.10–1.15]; OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.34–1.51], and OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.19–1.24], respectively). Among patients with good adherence (≥80%), the risk of MACE was similar with low‐moderate and high‐intensity LLT despite differences in the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment with the treatment intensities. Discontinuation ≥1 year increased the risk markedly (HR,1.66 [95% CI, 1.23–2.22]). Conclusions In routine care, good adherence to LLT was associated with the greatest benefit for patients with coronary heart disease. Strategies that improve adherence and use of intensive therapies could substantially reduce cardiovascular risk.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.025813adherenceintensitylipid‐lowering treatmentMACE |
| spellingShingle | Faizan Mazhar Paul Hjemdahl Catherine M. Clase Kristina Johnell Tomas Jernberg Arvid Sjölander Juan Jesus Carrero Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease adherence intensity lipid‐lowering treatment MACE |
| title | Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease |
| title_full | Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease |
| title_fullStr | Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease |
| title_short | Intensity of and Adherence to Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease |
| title_sort | intensity of and adherence to lipid lowering therapy as predictors of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease |
| topic | adherence intensity lipid‐lowering treatment MACE |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.025813 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT faizanmazhar intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT paulhjemdahl intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT catherinemclase intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT kristinajohnell intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT tomasjernberg intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT arvidsjolander intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease AT juanjesuscarrero intensityofandadherencetolipidloweringtherapyaspredictorsofmajoradversecardiovascularoutcomesinpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease |