Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior
In this study, a latent and tacky epoxy resin (EP) modified with siloxane core-shell-particles was developed and investigated. The use of EP as a towpreg matrix for winding of cryogenic composite vessels requires a certain toughness to resist microcracking. First, the mechanical properties at +90 °C...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Polymer Testing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182200201X |
| _version_ | 1811322768135815168 |
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| author | Fabian Hübner Michael Hoffmann Nicole Sommer Volker Altstädt Andreas Scherer Tobias Dickhut Holger Ruckdäschel |
| author_facet | Fabian Hübner Michael Hoffmann Nicole Sommer Volker Altstädt Andreas Scherer Tobias Dickhut Holger Ruckdäschel |
| author_sort | Fabian Hübner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a latent and tacky epoxy resin (EP) modified with siloxane core-shell-particles was developed and investigated. The use of EP as a towpreg matrix for winding of cryogenic composite vessels requires a certain toughness to resist microcracking. First, the mechanical properties at +90 °C, +22 °C, −50 °C and −196 °C were examined, with emphasis on the fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Although the modulus of the resin increased dramatically, the KIC also increased by + 100% at −196 °C. Compression testing revealed that the associated yield point increased up to 500 MPa at −196 °C. The yield point of the modified resins was reduced by almost 10% which leads to easier yielding and enabling toughening mechanisms. Thus, the KIC value clearly is not the primary property that needs to be improved in cryogenics. Second, the radius of the plastic zone around the crack tip (Rp) was calculated. It decreased mathematically from 1.9 μm to 0.4 μm, due to a reduced energy dissipation resulting from a smaller spatial expansion of the plastic deformation zone. Finally, an optimum value of 3% by volume of polydimethylsiloxane was identified, demonstrating an increase of the Rp to 1.8 μm at −196 °C and proving the necessity of combinatorial methods to understand temperature-dependent failure of epoxy matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:42:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b11d7f0543c4b44a3ac7b8204d4b8cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0142-9418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:42:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymer Testing |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b11d7f0543c4b44a3ac7b8204d4b8cc2022-12-22T02:44:37ZengElsevierPolymer Testing0142-94182022-09-01113107678Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behaviorFabian Hübner0Michael Hoffmann1Nicole Sommer2Volker Altstädt3Andreas Scherer4Tobias Dickhut5Holger Ruckdäschel6Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Hof, Alfons-Goppel-Platz 1, 95028 Hof, GermanyDepartment of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, GermanyInstitute Aeronautical Engineering, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, GermanyInstitute Aeronautical Engineering, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, GermanyDepartment of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany; Corresponding author.In this study, a latent and tacky epoxy resin (EP) modified with siloxane core-shell-particles was developed and investigated. The use of EP as a towpreg matrix for winding of cryogenic composite vessels requires a certain toughness to resist microcracking. First, the mechanical properties at +90 °C, +22 °C, −50 °C and −196 °C were examined, with emphasis on the fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Although the modulus of the resin increased dramatically, the KIC also increased by + 100% at −196 °C. Compression testing revealed that the associated yield point increased up to 500 MPa at −196 °C. The yield point of the modified resins was reduced by almost 10% which leads to easier yielding and enabling toughening mechanisms. Thus, the KIC value clearly is not the primary property that needs to be improved in cryogenics. Second, the radius of the plastic zone around the crack tip (Rp) was calculated. It decreased mathematically from 1.9 μm to 0.4 μm, due to a reduced energy dissipation resulting from a smaller spatial expansion of the plastic deformation zone. Finally, an optimum value of 3% by volume of polydimethylsiloxane was identified, demonstrating an increase of the Rp to 1.8 μm at −196 °C and proving the necessity of combinatorial methods to understand temperature-dependent failure of epoxy matrices.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182200201XFracture toughnessPlastic deformationLow temperatureParticle-reinforced compositesFractography |
| spellingShingle | Fabian Hübner Michael Hoffmann Nicole Sommer Volker Altstädt Andreas Scherer Tobias Dickhut Holger Ruckdäschel Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior Polymer Testing Fracture toughness Plastic deformation Low temperature Particle-reinforced composites Fractography |
| title | Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| title_full | Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| title_fullStr | Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| title_short | Temperature-dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels: The influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| title_sort | temperature dependent fracture behavior of towpreg epoxy resins for cryogenic liquid hydrogen composite vessels the influence of polysiloxane tougheners on the resin yield behavior |
| topic | Fracture toughness Plastic deformation Low temperature Particle-reinforced composites Fractography |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182200201X |
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