The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/939 |
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| author | Xiaotian Zhang Mengmiao Li Nan Yin Junjie Zhang |
| author_facet | Xiaotian Zhang Mengmiao Li Nan Yin Junjie Zhang |
| author_sort | Xiaotian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such as Gi/0, G12/13, Gq/11, and Gs. The ATX-LPA axis plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. ATX is one of the top 40 most unregulated genes in metastatic cancer, and the ATX-LPA axis is involved in the development of different types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. ATX expression is under multifaceted controls at the transcription, post-transcription, and secretion levels. ATX and LPA in the tumor microenvironment not only promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival, but also increase the expression of inflammation-related circuits, which results in poor outcomes for patients with cancer. Currently, ATX is regarded as a potential cancer therapeutic target, and an increasing number of ATX inhibitors have been developed. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of ATX expression regulation and the functions of ATX in cancer development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:11:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b1b404dbc3e4a45823ce2d924600ee9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:11:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1b1b404dbc3e4a45823ce2d924600ee92023-11-21T16:09:43ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-04-0110493910.3390/cells10040939The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of AutotaxinXiaotian Zhang0Mengmiao Li1Nan Yin2Junjie Zhang3The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaAutotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such as Gi/0, G12/13, Gq/11, and Gs. The ATX-LPA axis plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. ATX is one of the top 40 most unregulated genes in metastatic cancer, and the ATX-LPA axis is involved in the development of different types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. ATX expression is under multifaceted controls at the transcription, post-transcription, and secretion levels. ATX and LPA in the tumor microenvironment not only promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival, but also increase the expression of inflammation-related circuits, which results in poor outcomes for patients with cancer. Currently, ATX is regarded as a potential cancer therapeutic target, and an increasing number of ATX inhibitors have been developed. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of ATX expression regulation and the functions of ATX in cancer development.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/939Autotaxin (ATX)lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)ATX-LPA axiscancer |
| spellingShingle | Xiaotian Zhang Mengmiao Li Nan Yin Junjie Zhang The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin Cells Autotaxin (ATX) lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ATX-LPA axis cancer |
| title | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
| title_full | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
| title_fullStr | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
| title_short | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
| title_sort | expression regulation and biological function of autotaxin |
| topic | Autotaxin (ATX) lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ATX-LPA axis cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/939 |
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