Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard
For over half a century, the Carnegie staging system has been used for the unification of chronology in human embryo development. Despite the system’s establishment as a “universal” system, Carnegie staging reference charts display a high level of variation. To establish a clear understanding for em...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/5/1084 |
| _version_ | 1797599421578346496 |
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| author | Sander Flierman Melanie Tijsterman Melek Rousian Bernadette S. de Bakker |
| author_facet | Sander Flierman Melanie Tijsterman Melek Rousian Bernadette S. de Bakker |
| author_sort | Sander Flierman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For over half a century, the Carnegie staging system has been used for the unification of chronology in human embryo development. Despite the system’s establishment as a “universal” system, Carnegie staging reference charts display a high level of variation. To establish a clear understanding for embryologists and medical professionals, we aimed to answer the following question: does a gold standard of Carnegie staging exist, and if so, which set of proposed measures/characteristics would it include? We aimed to provide a clear overview of the variations in published Carnegie staging charts to compare and analyze these differences and propose potential explanatory factors. A review of the literature was performed, wherein 113 publications were identified and screened based on title and abstract. Twenty-six relevant titles and abstracts were assessed based on the full text. After exclusion, nine remaining publications were critically appraised. We observed consistent variations in data sets, especially regarding embryonic age, varying as large as 11 days between publications. Similarly, for embryonic length, large variations were present. These large variations are possibly attributable to sampling differences, developing technology, and differences in data collection. Based on the reviewed studies, we propose the Carnegie staging system of Prof. Hill as a gold standard amongst the available data sets in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:34:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b272300725343d38619592c49d289ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:34:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b272300725343d38619592c49d289ea2023-11-18T02:08:27ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-04-01135108410.3390/life13051084Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold StandardSander Flierman0Melanie Tijsterman1Melek Rousian2Bernadette S. de Bakker3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFor over half a century, the Carnegie staging system has been used for the unification of chronology in human embryo development. Despite the system’s establishment as a “universal” system, Carnegie staging reference charts display a high level of variation. To establish a clear understanding for embryologists and medical professionals, we aimed to answer the following question: does a gold standard of Carnegie staging exist, and if so, which set of proposed measures/characteristics would it include? We aimed to provide a clear overview of the variations in published Carnegie staging charts to compare and analyze these differences and propose potential explanatory factors. A review of the literature was performed, wherein 113 publications were identified and screened based on title and abstract. Twenty-six relevant titles and abstracts were assessed based on the full text. After exclusion, nine remaining publications were critically appraised. We observed consistent variations in data sets, especially regarding embryonic age, varying as large as 11 days between publications. Similarly, for embryonic length, large variations were present. These large variations are possibly attributable to sampling differences, developing technology, and differences in data collection. Based on the reviewed studies, we propose the Carnegie staging system of Prof. Hill as a gold standard amongst the available data sets in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/5/1084Carnegie staging systemdevelopmental horizonsembryologyembryonic stagingembryonic development |
| spellingShingle | Sander Flierman Melanie Tijsterman Melek Rousian Bernadette S. de Bakker Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard Life Carnegie staging system developmental horizons embryology embryonic staging embryonic development |
| title | Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard |
| title_full | Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard |
| title_fullStr | Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard |
| title_short | Discrepancies in Embryonic Staging: Towards a Gold Standard |
| title_sort | discrepancies in embryonic staging towards a gold standard |
| topic | Carnegie staging system developmental horizons embryology embryonic staging embryonic development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/5/1084 |
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