Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function
Abstract In bilaterian central nervous systems, coordination of neurotransmission by glial cells enables highly sophisticated neural functions. The diversity of transcription factors (TFs) involved in gliogenesis suggests multiple evolutionary origins of various glial cell types of bilaterians. Many...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42046-9 |
| _version_ | 1797452982303850496 |
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| author | Larisa Sheloukhova Hiroshi Watanabe |
| author_facet | Larisa Sheloukhova Hiroshi Watanabe |
| author_sort | Larisa Sheloukhova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In bilaterian central nervous systems, coordination of neurotransmission by glial cells enables highly sophisticated neural functions. The diversity of transcription factors (TFs) involved in gliogenesis suggests multiple evolutionary origins of various glial cell types of bilaterians. Many of these TFs including the glial cells missing (Gcm) are also present in genomes of Cnidaria, the closest outgroup to Bilateria, but their function remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the function of Gcm, a multifunctional TF involved in development of glial and non-glial cell types, in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nematostella Gcm altered expression of cell adhesion proteins, glutamate and GABA transporters, ion channels, metabolic enzymes, and zinc finger and Ets-related TFs. NvGcm and mRNAs of downstream genes are expressed in broad neural cell clusters. However, immunostaining of a NvGcm target protein, the glutamate transporter, NvEAAT1, visualized a novel class of cells with flat cell bodies and no clear processes. Together with the finding of unique morphological features of NvEAAT1-functioning cells, these data suggest that extracellular glutamate metabolism, one of major glial functions, is deployed downstream of Gcm in specific neural cell types in Cnidaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:16:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b360f8577ed4c7099ce7e37ef34d5ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b360f8577ed4c7099ce7e37ef34d5ef2023-11-26T13:03:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-09-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-42046-9Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 functionLarisa Sheloukhova0Hiroshi Watanabe1Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyEvolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyAbstract In bilaterian central nervous systems, coordination of neurotransmission by glial cells enables highly sophisticated neural functions. The diversity of transcription factors (TFs) involved in gliogenesis suggests multiple evolutionary origins of various glial cell types of bilaterians. Many of these TFs including the glial cells missing (Gcm) are also present in genomes of Cnidaria, the closest outgroup to Bilateria, but their function remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the function of Gcm, a multifunctional TF involved in development of glial and non-glial cell types, in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nematostella Gcm altered expression of cell adhesion proteins, glutamate and GABA transporters, ion channels, metabolic enzymes, and zinc finger and Ets-related TFs. NvGcm and mRNAs of downstream genes are expressed in broad neural cell clusters. However, immunostaining of a NvGcm target protein, the glutamate transporter, NvEAAT1, visualized a novel class of cells with flat cell bodies and no clear processes. Together with the finding of unique morphological features of NvEAAT1-functioning cells, these data suggest that extracellular glutamate metabolism, one of major glial functions, is deployed downstream of Gcm in specific neural cell types in Cnidaria.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42046-9 |
| spellingShingle | Larisa Sheloukhova Hiroshi Watanabe Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function Scientific Reports |
| title | Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function |
| title_full | Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function |
| title_short | Analysis of cnidarian Gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial EAAT1 function |
| title_sort | analysis of cnidarian gcm suggests a neuronal origin of glial eaat1 function |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42046-9 |
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