Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function
Early life represents a window of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, exposure of the developing fetus to a compromised nutritional environment can have long term consequences for their health. Indeed, undernutrition or maternal intake of an obesogenic diet during pregnancy leads to a heightened risk of ty...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/8/514 |
| _version_ | 1797522899635011584 |
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| author | Stephanie E. O’Hara Kelly M. Gembus Lisa M. Nicholas |
| author_facet | Stephanie E. O’Hara Kelly M. Gembus Lisa M. Nicholas |
| author_sort | Stephanie E. O’Hara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early life represents a window of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, exposure of the developing fetus to a compromised nutritional environment can have long term consequences for their health. Indeed, undernutrition or maternal intake of an obesogenic diet during pregnancy leads to a heightened risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in her offspring in adult life. Given that abnormalities in beta-cell function are crucial in delineating the risk of T2D, studies have investigated the impact of these exposures on islet morphology and beta-cell function in the offspring in a bid to understand why they are more at risk of T2D. Interestingly, despite the contrasting maternal metabolic phenotype and, therefore, intrauterine environment associated with undernutrition versus high-fat feeding, there are a number of similarities in the genes/biological pathways that are disrupted in offspring islets leading to changes in function. Looking to the future, it will be important to define the exact mechanisms involved in mediating changes in the gene expression landscape in islet cells to determine whether the road to T2D development is the same or different in those exposed to different ends of the nutritional spectrum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:35:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b36d8f903ef4f378d819f818454e273 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:35:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b36d8f903ef4f378d819f818454e2732023-11-22T08:39:25ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-08-0111851410.3390/metabo11080514Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and FunctionStephanie E. O’Hara0Kelly M. Gembus1Lisa M. Nicholas2The Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaEarly life represents a window of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, exposure of the developing fetus to a compromised nutritional environment can have long term consequences for their health. Indeed, undernutrition or maternal intake of an obesogenic diet during pregnancy leads to a heightened risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in her offspring in adult life. Given that abnormalities in beta-cell function are crucial in delineating the risk of T2D, studies have investigated the impact of these exposures on islet morphology and beta-cell function in the offspring in a bid to understand why they are more at risk of T2D. Interestingly, despite the contrasting maternal metabolic phenotype and, therefore, intrauterine environment associated with undernutrition versus high-fat feeding, there are a number of similarities in the genes/biological pathways that are disrupted in offspring islets leading to changes in function. Looking to the future, it will be important to define the exact mechanisms involved in mediating changes in the gene expression landscape in islet cells to determine whether the road to T2D development is the same or different in those exposed to different ends of the nutritional spectrum.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/8/514pancreatic beta-cellsintrauterine growth restrictionmaternal obesitydevelopmental programming |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie E. O’Hara Kelly M. Gembus Lisa M. Nicholas Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function Metabolites pancreatic beta-cells intrauterine growth restriction maternal obesity developmental programming |
| title | Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function |
| title_full | Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function |
| title_short | Understanding the Long-Lasting Effects of Fetal Nutrient Restriction versus Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet on Islet-Cell Mass and Function |
| title_sort | understanding the long lasting effects of fetal nutrient restriction versus exposure to an obesogenic diet on islet cell mass and function |
| topic | pancreatic beta-cells intrauterine growth restriction maternal obesity developmental programming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/8/514 |
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