Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests
Acoustic Emission (AE) is a promising technique for measuring tool wear online and in real time. In this work, scratch tests were conducted to better understand the “pre-wear” AE response based on loading conditions that were not sufficient to generate galling. The scratch tests used the same type o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/13/6724 |
| _version_ | 1827655330118500352 |
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| author | Timothy Devenport Bernard Rolfe Michael Pereira James M. Griffin |
| author_facet | Timothy Devenport Bernard Rolfe Michael Pereira James M. Griffin |
| author_sort | Timothy Devenport |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acoustic Emission (AE) is a promising technique for measuring tool wear online and in real time. In this work, scratch tests were conducted to better understand the “pre-wear” AE response based on loading conditions that were not sufficient to generate galling. The scratch tests used the same type of indenter against two different sheet materials: aluminum and steel. The results showed that AE parameters such as the mean frequency, Centroid frequency and Shannon entropy outperformed other frequency domain techniques by discriminating between the two sheet materials in scratch tests. From the literature, the frequency region of interest was expected to be sub 300 kHz. However, in this study, activity below this threshold was found to be noise, whereas distinct frequencies were found at much higher frequencies than expected. These results are compared against single grit “SG” tests of both mild steel- and nickel-based superalloys to allow comparison of the two test methods and materials used. This comparison showed that the SG tests excited the acoustic emission in ways in which the scratch tests did not. Another factor when using acoustic emissions to monitor sheet metal forming is the differences obtained in energy–frequency mapping, where many report the galling phenomena between a certain amplitude and frequency range. Such results are specific to the setup and the materials/geometries used. Further work presented here compares different scratch tests where energy–frequency mapping is different for different materials/geometries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:05:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b3d9f9960394779b6ae4ae36813c2d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:05:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b3d9f9960394779b6ae4ae36813c2d72023-11-23T19:41:45ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-07-011213672410.3390/app12136724Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch TestsTimothy Devenport0Bernard Rolfe1Michael Pereira2James M. Griffin3Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UKSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaInstitute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UKAcoustic Emission (AE) is a promising technique for measuring tool wear online and in real time. In this work, scratch tests were conducted to better understand the “pre-wear” AE response based on loading conditions that were not sufficient to generate galling. The scratch tests used the same type of indenter against two different sheet materials: aluminum and steel. The results showed that AE parameters such as the mean frequency, Centroid frequency and Shannon entropy outperformed other frequency domain techniques by discriminating between the two sheet materials in scratch tests. From the literature, the frequency region of interest was expected to be sub 300 kHz. However, in this study, activity below this threshold was found to be noise, whereas distinct frequencies were found at much higher frequencies than expected. These results are compared against single grit “SG” tests of both mild steel- and nickel-based superalloys to allow comparison of the two test methods and materials used. This comparison showed that the SG tests excited the acoustic emission in ways in which the scratch tests did not. Another factor when using acoustic emissions to monitor sheet metal forming is the differences obtained in energy–frequency mapping, where many report the galling phenomena between a certain amplitude and frequency range. Such results are specific to the setup and the materials/geometries used. Further work presented here compares different scratch tests where energy–frequency mapping is different for different materials/geometries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/13/6724acoustic emissionscratch testsmechanical inspection testsforce (load)wear mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Timothy Devenport Bernard Rolfe Michael Pereira James M. Griffin Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests Applied Sciences acoustic emission scratch tests mechanical inspection tests force (load) wear mechanisms |
| title | Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests |
| title_full | Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests |
| title_short | Analysis of Acoustic Emissions for Determination of the Mechanical Effects of Scratch Tests |
| title_sort | analysis of acoustic emissions for determination of the mechanical effects of scratch tests |
| topic | acoustic emission scratch tests mechanical inspection tests force (load) wear mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/13/6724 |
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