Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring
Eighteen per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters of four river basins in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima) during the dry and wet seasons. All sampling sites showed contamination in at least one of the seasons. In the dry season, perfluorooctanoate acid...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1209 |
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| author | Marta O. Barbosa Nuno Ratola Vera Homem M. Fernando R. Pereira Adrián M. T. Silva Ana R. L. Ribeiro Marta Llorca Marinella Farré |
| author_facet | Marta O. Barbosa Nuno Ratola Vera Homem M. Fernando R. Pereira Adrián M. T. Silva Ana R. L. Ribeiro Marta Llorca Marinella Farré |
| author_sort | Marta O. Barbosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eighteen per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters of four river basins in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima) during the dry and wet seasons. All sampling sites showed contamination in at least one of the seasons. In the dry season, perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS), were the most frequent PFASs, while during the wet season these were PFOA and perfluobutane-sulfonic acid (PFBS). Compounds detected at higher concentrations were PFOS (22.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) and perfluoro-butanoic acid (PFBA) (22.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, the prospective environmental risks of PFASs, detected at higher concentrations, were evaluated based on the Risk Quotient (RQ) classification, which comprises acute and chronic toxicity. The results show that the RQ values of eight out of the nine PFASs were below 0.01, indicating low risk to organisms at different trophic levels in the four rivers in both seasons, wet and dry. Nevertheless, in the specific case of perfluoro-tetradecanoic acid (PFTeA), the RQ values calculated exceeded 1 for fish (96 h) and daphnids (48 h), indicating a high risk for these organisms. Furthermore, the RQ values were higher than 0.1, indicating a medium risk for fish, daphnids and green algae (96 h). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1b43176fdd4a47faa4b0f7a5863c7035 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b43176fdd4a47faa4b0f7a5863c70352023-11-16T17:29:13ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-01283120910.3390/molecules28031209Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal MonitoringMarta O. Barbosa0Nuno Ratola1Vera Homem2M. Fernando R. Pereira3Adrián M. T. Silva4Ana R. L. Ribeiro5Marta Llorca6Marinella Farré7LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalON-HEALTH Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainON-HEALTH Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainEighteen per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters of four river basins in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima) during the dry and wet seasons. All sampling sites showed contamination in at least one of the seasons. In the dry season, perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS), were the most frequent PFASs, while during the wet season these were PFOA and perfluobutane-sulfonic acid (PFBS). Compounds detected at higher concentrations were PFOS (22.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) and perfluoro-butanoic acid (PFBA) (22.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, the prospective environmental risks of PFASs, detected at higher concentrations, were evaluated based on the Risk Quotient (RQ) classification, which comprises acute and chronic toxicity. The results show that the RQ values of eight out of the nine PFASs were below 0.01, indicating low risk to organisms at different trophic levels in the four rivers in both seasons, wet and dry. Nevertheless, in the specific case of perfluoro-tetradecanoic acid (PFTeA), the RQ values calculated exceeded 1 for fish (96 h) and daphnids (48 h), indicating a high risk for these organisms. Furthermore, the RQ values were higher than 0.1, indicating a medium risk for fish, daphnids and green algae (96 h).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1209PFASssurface waterrisk assessmentliquid chromatographymass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Marta O. Barbosa Nuno Ratola Vera Homem M. Fernando R. Pereira Adrián M. T. Silva Ana R. L. Ribeiro Marta Llorca Marinella Farré Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring Molecules PFASs surface water risk assessment liquid chromatography mass spectrometry |
| title | Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring |
| title_full | Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring |
| title_short | Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring |
| title_sort | per and poly fluoroalkyl substances in portuguese rivers spatial temporal monitoring |
| topic | PFASs surface water risk assessment liquid chromatography mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1209 |
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