Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR
Aldehydes are natural volatile aroma compounds generated by the Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acids in food and affect the flavor of food. They have been reported to exert taste-modifying effects, such as increases in taste intensity at concentrations below the odor detection threshold. The...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4585 |
| _version_ | 1797593293871120384 |
|---|---|
| author | Seiji Kitajima Yutaka Maruyama Motonaka Kuroda |
| author_facet | Seiji Kitajima Yutaka Maruyama Motonaka Kuroda |
| author_sort | Seiji Kitajima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aldehydes are natural volatile aroma compounds generated by the Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acids in food and affect the flavor of food. They have been reported to exert taste-modifying effects, such as increases in taste intensity at concentrations below the odor detection threshold. The present study examined the taste-enhancing effects of short-chain aliphatic aldehydes, such as isovaleraldehyde (IVAH) and 2-methylbutyraldehyde, thus attempting to identify the taste receptors involved. The results obtained revealed that IVAH enhanced the taste intensity of taste solutions even under the condition of olfactory deprivation by a noseclip. Furthermore, IVAH activated the calcium-sensing receptor CaSR in vitro. Receptor assays on aldehyde analogues showed that C3-C6 aliphatic aldehydes and methional, a C4 sulfur aldehyde, activated CaSR. These aldehydes functioned as a positive allosteric modulator for CaSR. The relationship between the activation of CaSR and taste-modifying effects was investigated by a sensory evaluation. Taste-modifying effects were found to be dependent on the activation state of CaSR. Collectively, these results suggest that short-chain aliphatic aldehydes function as taste modulators that modify sensations by activating orally expressed CaSR. We propose that volatile aroma aldehydes may also partially contribute to the taste-modifying effect via the same molecular mechanism as <i>kokumi</i> substances. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b4b4bb082b540b9b63c374c57156c2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b4b4bb082b540b9b63c374c57156c2f2023-11-18T11:47:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-06-012812458510.3390/molecules28124585Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSRSeiji Kitajima0Yutaka Maruyama1Motonaka Kuroda2Institute of Food Research & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, JapanInstitute of Food Research & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, JapanInstitute of Food Research & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, JapanAldehydes are natural volatile aroma compounds generated by the Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acids in food and affect the flavor of food. They have been reported to exert taste-modifying effects, such as increases in taste intensity at concentrations below the odor detection threshold. The present study examined the taste-enhancing effects of short-chain aliphatic aldehydes, such as isovaleraldehyde (IVAH) and 2-methylbutyraldehyde, thus attempting to identify the taste receptors involved. The results obtained revealed that IVAH enhanced the taste intensity of taste solutions even under the condition of olfactory deprivation by a noseclip. Furthermore, IVAH activated the calcium-sensing receptor CaSR in vitro. Receptor assays on aldehyde analogues showed that C3-C6 aliphatic aldehydes and methional, a C4 sulfur aldehyde, activated CaSR. These aldehydes functioned as a positive allosteric modulator for CaSR. The relationship between the activation of CaSR and taste-modifying effects was investigated by a sensory evaluation. Taste-modifying effects were found to be dependent on the activation state of CaSR. Collectively, these results suggest that short-chain aliphatic aldehydes function as taste modulators that modify sensations by activating orally expressed CaSR. We propose that volatile aroma aldehydes may also partially contribute to the taste-modifying effect via the same molecular mechanism as <i>kokumi</i> substances.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4585CaSRcalcium-sensing receptoraldehydeisovaleraldehyde<i>kokumi</i> substancemethional |
| spellingShingle | Seiji Kitajima Yutaka Maruyama Motonaka Kuroda Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR Molecules CaSR calcium-sensing receptor aldehyde isovaleraldehyde <i>kokumi</i> substance methional |
| title | Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR |
| title_full | Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR |
| title_fullStr | Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR |
| title_short | Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR |
| title_sort | volatile short chain aliphatic aldehydes act as taste modulators through the orally expressed calcium sensing receptor casr |
| topic | CaSR calcium-sensing receptor aldehyde isovaleraldehyde <i>kokumi</i> substance methional |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4585 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seijikitajima volatileshortchainaliphaticaldehydesactastastemodulatorsthroughtheorallyexpressedcalciumsensingreceptorcasr AT yutakamaruyama volatileshortchainaliphaticaldehydesactastastemodulatorsthroughtheorallyexpressedcalciumsensingreceptorcasr AT motonakakuroda volatileshortchainaliphaticaldehydesactastastemodulatorsthroughtheorallyexpressedcalciumsensingreceptorcasr |