Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions
Mitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitoch...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/3/427 |
| _version_ | 1797472585185755136 |
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| author | Brittni R. Walker Carlos T. Moraes |
| author_facet | Brittni R. Walker Carlos T. Moraes |
| author_sort | Brittni R. Walker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitochondria must send signals to the nucleus, which can, in turn, upregulate gene expression to alter metabolism or initiate a stress response. This is known as retrograde signaling. A variety of stimuli and pathways fall under the retrograde signaling umbrella. Mitochondrial dysfunction has already been shown to have severe implications for human health. Disruption of retrograde signaling, whether directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular environmental changes, may also contribute to pathological deficits. In this review, we discuss known signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus, examine the possibility of direct contacts, and identify pathological consequences of an altered relationship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:04:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b5edaa8969641f982ef4622e7aa40e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:04:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b5edaa8969641f982ef4622e7aa40e02023-11-24T00:35:48ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-03-0112342710.3390/biom12030427Nuclear-Mitochondrial InteractionsBrittni R. Walker0Carlos T. Moraes1Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USAMitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitochondria must send signals to the nucleus, which can, in turn, upregulate gene expression to alter metabolism or initiate a stress response. This is known as retrograde signaling. A variety of stimuli and pathways fall under the retrograde signaling umbrella. Mitochondrial dysfunction has already been shown to have severe implications for human health. Disruption of retrograde signaling, whether directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular environmental changes, may also contribute to pathological deficits. In this review, we discuss known signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus, examine the possibility of direct contacts, and identify pathological consequences of an altered relationship.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/3/427mitochondrianucleusretrograde signalingMAMsintegrated stress response |
| spellingShingle | Brittni R. Walker Carlos T. Moraes Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Biomolecules mitochondria nucleus retrograde signaling MAMs integrated stress response |
| title | Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions |
| title_full | Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions |
| title_short | Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions |
| title_sort | nuclear mitochondrial interactions |
| topic | mitochondria nucleus retrograde signaling MAMs integrated stress response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/3/427 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brittnirwalker nuclearmitochondrialinteractions AT carlostmoraes nuclearmitochondrialinteractions |