Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration
Drinking water represents a potential source of lead exposure. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the magnitude of winter-to-summer changes in household water lead levels (WLLs), and to predict the impact of these variations on BLLs in young children. A study was conducted from Septemb...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412014002104 |
| _version_ | 1819131892742488064 |
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| author | G. Ngueta M. Prévost E. Deshommes B. Abdous D. Gauvin P. Levallois |
| author_facet | G. Ngueta M. Prévost E. Deshommes B. Abdous D. Gauvin P. Levallois |
| author_sort | G. Ngueta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drinking water represents a potential source of lead exposure. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the magnitude of winter-to-summer changes in household water lead levels (WLLs), and to predict the impact of these variations on BLLs in young children. A study was conducted from September, 2009 to March, 2010 in 305 homes, with a follow-up survey carried out from June to September 2011 in a subsample of 100 homes randomly selected. The first 1-L sample was drawn after 5 min of flushing, followed by a further 4 consecutive 1-L samples after 30 min of stagnation. Non-linear regression and general linear mixed models were used for modelling seasonal effects on WLL. The batchrun mode of Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model was used to predict the impact of changes in WLL on children's blood lead levels (BLLs). The magnitude of winter-to-summer changes in average concentrations of lead corresponded to 6.55 μg/L in homes served by lead service lines (LSL+ homes) and merely 0.30 μg/L in homes without lead service lines. For stagnant samples, the value reached 10.55 μg/L in ‘LSL+ homes’ and remained very low (0.36 μg/L) in ‘LSL− homes’. The change in the probability of BLLs ≥5 μg/dL due to winter-to-summer changes in WLL was increased from <5% (in winter) to about 20% (in summer) in children aged 0.5–2 years. The likelihood of having BLLs ≥5 μg/dL in young children during warm months was reduced by at least 40% by flushing tap-water. Keywords: Seasonality, Drinking water, Lead contamination, Blood lead concentrations, Children |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:22:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b67a0120a334776a97258899e47b57f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:22:44Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b67a0120a334776a97258899e47b57f2022-12-21T18:31:09ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202014-12-01735765Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentrationG. Ngueta0M. Prévost1E. Deshommes2B. Abdous3D. Gauvin4P. Levallois5Centre de recherche du CHUQ, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Corresponding author at: Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHUQ Research Center, Laval University, 2875 Boulevard Laurier (Édifice Delta 2), Étage 6 (Bureau 600), G1V 2M2 Quebec (Qc), Canada. Tel.: +1 418 525 4444x46529; fax: +1 418 654 2726.NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, CanadaNSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, CanadaCentre de recherche du CHUQ, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, CanadaInstitut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, CanadaCentre de recherche du CHUQ, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, CanadaDrinking water represents a potential source of lead exposure. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the magnitude of winter-to-summer changes in household water lead levels (WLLs), and to predict the impact of these variations on BLLs in young children. A study was conducted from September, 2009 to March, 2010 in 305 homes, with a follow-up survey carried out from June to September 2011 in a subsample of 100 homes randomly selected. The first 1-L sample was drawn after 5 min of flushing, followed by a further 4 consecutive 1-L samples after 30 min of stagnation. Non-linear regression and general linear mixed models were used for modelling seasonal effects on WLL. The batchrun mode of Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model was used to predict the impact of changes in WLL on children's blood lead levels (BLLs). The magnitude of winter-to-summer changes in average concentrations of lead corresponded to 6.55 μg/L in homes served by lead service lines (LSL+ homes) and merely 0.30 μg/L in homes without lead service lines. For stagnant samples, the value reached 10.55 μg/L in ‘LSL+ homes’ and remained very low (0.36 μg/L) in ‘LSL− homes’. The change in the probability of BLLs ≥5 μg/dL due to winter-to-summer changes in WLL was increased from <5% (in winter) to about 20% (in summer) in children aged 0.5–2 years. The likelihood of having BLLs ≥5 μg/dL in young children during warm months was reduced by at least 40% by flushing tap-water. Keywords: Seasonality, Drinking water, Lead contamination, Blood lead concentrations, Childrenhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412014002104 |
| spellingShingle | G. Ngueta M. Prévost E. Deshommes B. Abdous D. Gauvin P. Levallois Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration Environment International |
| title | Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration |
| title_full | Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration |
| title_fullStr | Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration |
| title_short | Exposure of young children to household water lead in the Montreal area (Canada): The potential influence of winter-to-summer changes in water lead levels on children's blood lead concentration |
| title_sort | exposure of young children to household water lead in the montreal area canada the potential influence of winter to summer changes in water lead levels on children s blood lead concentration |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412014002104 |
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