| Summary: | To investigate structurally novel and anti-neuroinflammatory natural compounds from marine-derived microorganisms, the secondary metabolites of <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> Y10, a fungus separated from the sediment of the coast in the South China Sea, were studied. Three new compounds (<b>2</b>⁻<b>4</b>), with novel open-ring butenolide skeletons, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture medium. In addition, a typical new butenolide, asperteretal F (<b>1</b>), was found to dose-dependently inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) generation with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 7.6 μg/mL. The present study shows the existence of open-ring butenolides, and suggests that butenolides such as asperteretal F (<b>1</b>) are a promising new anti-neuroinflammatroy candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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