Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions
Pedestrian safety is generally assessed using frequency of crashes, based on historical data, for a given transportation facility. However, the lack of good and reliable crash data has hampered its apposite analyses and in evaluating the effectiveness of pedestrian safety programs. To overcome this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-04-01
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| Series: | IATSS Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111220300522 |
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| author | Avinash Chaudhari Ninad Gore Shriniwas Arkatkar Gaurang Joshi Srinivas Pulugurtha |
| author_facet | Avinash Chaudhari Ninad Gore Shriniwas Arkatkar Gaurang Joshi Srinivas Pulugurtha |
| author_sort | Avinash Chaudhari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pedestrian safety is generally assessed using frequency of crashes, based on historical data, for a given transportation facility. However, the lack of good and reliable crash data has hampered its apposite analyses and in evaluating the effectiveness of pedestrian safety programs. To overcome this gap, traffic conflict technique (TCT) which relies mainly on the observations of critical traffic situations for safety analysis were developed. However, the applicability of TCTs and related measures under varying non-lane based heterogeneous traffic conditions prevailing in countries such as India is not widely explored. This paper attempts to evaluate pedestrian safety at urban midblock crosswalk using different surrogate safety measures, including vehicle crossing speed, post encroachment time (PET), yielding compliance of driver as well as pedestrian, and conflict rate. The number of conflicts were observed to increase as the average vehicle crossing speed increases, indicating that pedestrians are extremely vulnerable while crossing the road. The PET value for the smaller vehicles, such as two-wheelers and three-wheelers, is recorded to be lower than the heavy vehicles, such as trucks and buses. With the addition of one lane, there is a significant decrease in the PET value. The average PET values for the vehicle on eight-lane divided road is less than the six-lane divided, four-lane divided, and two-lane undivided roads. Further, the yielding compliance of the driver as well as of the pedestrian depends on the crossing speed of the approaching vehicle and the type of road geometry. Further, the rate and severity of conflicts increased with a decrease in the pedestrian crossing speed. The yielding behaviour of the drivers as well as the pedestrian's yielding compliance varies by location, highlighting the effect of individual and demographic characteristics on pedestrian crossing behaviour. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:01:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b83e9a98d38454fab9216a672dd7762 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0386-1112 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:01:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IATSS Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b83e9a98d38454fab9216a672dd77622022-12-21T22:23:42ZengElsevierIATSS Research0386-11122021-04-0145187101Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditionsAvinash Chaudhari0Ninad Gore1Shriniwas Arkatkar2Gaurang Joshi3Srinivas Pulugurtha4Government College of Engineering, Daman, Gujarat 396210, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat 395007, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India; Corresponding author.Department of Civil Engineering, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat 395007, IndiaDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USAPedestrian safety is generally assessed using frequency of crashes, based on historical data, for a given transportation facility. However, the lack of good and reliable crash data has hampered its apposite analyses and in evaluating the effectiveness of pedestrian safety programs. To overcome this gap, traffic conflict technique (TCT) which relies mainly on the observations of critical traffic situations for safety analysis were developed. However, the applicability of TCTs and related measures under varying non-lane based heterogeneous traffic conditions prevailing in countries such as India is not widely explored. This paper attempts to evaluate pedestrian safety at urban midblock crosswalk using different surrogate safety measures, including vehicle crossing speed, post encroachment time (PET), yielding compliance of driver as well as pedestrian, and conflict rate. The number of conflicts were observed to increase as the average vehicle crossing speed increases, indicating that pedestrians are extremely vulnerable while crossing the road. The PET value for the smaller vehicles, such as two-wheelers and three-wheelers, is recorded to be lower than the heavy vehicles, such as trucks and buses. With the addition of one lane, there is a significant decrease in the PET value. The average PET values for the vehicle on eight-lane divided road is less than the six-lane divided, four-lane divided, and two-lane undivided roads. Further, the yielding compliance of the driver as well as of the pedestrian depends on the crossing speed of the approaching vehicle and the type of road geometry. Further, the rate and severity of conflicts increased with a decrease in the pedestrian crossing speed. The yielding behaviour of the drivers as well as the pedestrian's yielding compliance varies by location, highlighting the effect of individual and demographic characteristics on pedestrian crossing behaviour.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111220300522Pedestrian safetyConflictPost encroachment timeCrossing speed |
| spellingShingle | Avinash Chaudhari Ninad Gore Shriniwas Arkatkar Gaurang Joshi Srinivas Pulugurtha Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions IATSS Research Pedestrian safety Conflict Post encroachment time Crossing speed |
| title | Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| title_full | Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| title_fullStr | Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| title_short | Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| title_sort | exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks a perspective under mixed traffic conditions |
| topic | Pedestrian safety Conflict Post encroachment time Crossing speed |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111220300522 |
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