Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases
Hair-loss diseases comprise heterogenous conditions with respective pathophysiology and clinicopathological characteristics. Major breakthroughs in hair follicle biology and immunology have led to the elucidation of etiopathogenesis of non-scarring alopecia (e.g., alopecia areata, AA) and cicatricia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/9/3259 |
| _version_ | 1797602282126180352 |
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| author | Misaki Kinoshita-Ise Masahiro Fukuyama Manabu Ohyama |
| author_facet | Misaki Kinoshita-Ise Masahiro Fukuyama Manabu Ohyama |
| author_sort | Misaki Kinoshita-Ise |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hair-loss diseases comprise heterogenous conditions with respective pathophysiology and clinicopathological characteristics. Major breakthroughs in hair follicle biology and immunology have led to the elucidation of etiopathogenesis of non-scarring alopecia (e.g., alopecia areata, AA) and cicatricial alopecia (e.g., lichen planopilaris, LPP). High-throughput genetic analyses revealed molecular mechanism underlying the disease susceptibility of hair loss conditions, such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Hair loss attracted public interest during the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge of hair loss diseases is robustly expanding and thus requires timely updates. In this review, the diagnostic and measurement methodologies applied to hair loss diseases are updated. Of note, novel criteria and classification/scoring systems published in the last decade are reviewed, highlighting their advantages over conventional ones. Emerging diagnostic techniques are itemized with clinical pearls enabling efficient utilization. Recent advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis and management for representative hair diseases, namely AGA, FPHL, AA, and major primary cicatricial alopecia, including LPP, are comprehensively summarized, focusing on causative factors, genetic predisposition, new disease entity, and novel therapeutic options. Lastly, the association between COVID-19 and hair loss is discussed to delineate telogen effluvium as the predominating pathomechanism accounting for this sequela. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:14:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b936000c26e402f8c2a93fac87f4785 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:14:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b936000c26e402f8c2a93fac87f47852023-11-17T23:12:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-05-01129325910.3390/jcm12093259Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss DiseasesMisaki Kinoshita-Ise0Masahiro Fukuyama1Manabu Ohyama2Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, JapanHair-loss diseases comprise heterogenous conditions with respective pathophysiology and clinicopathological characteristics. Major breakthroughs in hair follicle biology and immunology have led to the elucidation of etiopathogenesis of non-scarring alopecia (e.g., alopecia areata, AA) and cicatricial alopecia (e.g., lichen planopilaris, LPP). High-throughput genetic analyses revealed molecular mechanism underlying the disease susceptibility of hair loss conditions, such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Hair loss attracted public interest during the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge of hair loss diseases is robustly expanding and thus requires timely updates. In this review, the diagnostic and measurement methodologies applied to hair loss diseases are updated. Of note, novel criteria and classification/scoring systems published in the last decade are reviewed, highlighting their advantages over conventional ones. Emerging diagnostic techniques are itemized with clinical pearls enabling efficient utilization. Recent advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis and management for representative hair diseases, namely AGA, FPHL, AA, and major primary cicatricial alopecia, including LPP, are comprehensively summarized, focusing on causative factors, genetic predisposition, new disease entity, and novel therapeutic options. Lastly, the association between COVID-19 and hair loss is discussed to delineate telogen effluvium as the predominating pathomechanism accounting for this sequela.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/9/3259alopecia areataandrogenetic alopeciafemale pattern hair losscicatricial alopeciatrichoscopyJAK inhibitor |
| spellingShingle | Misaki Kinoshita-Ise Masahiro Fukuyama Manabu Ohyama Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases Journal of Clinical Medicine alopecia areata androgenetic alopecia female pattern hair loss cicatricial alopecia trichoscopy JAK inhibitor |
| title | Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases |
| title_sort | recent advances in understanding of the etiopathogenesis diagnosis and management of hair loss diseases |
| topic | alopecia areata androgenetic alopecia female pattern hair loss cicatricial alopecia trichoscopy JAK inhibitor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/9/3259 |
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