State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors
Procrastination is prevalent among students, as well as the general population, and has negative impacts on various domains. Several models aimed to understand factors associated with procrastination, with some suggesting that anxiety plays a significant role. Biological factors have been shown to c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/3/204 |
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| author | Efrat Barel Shosh Shahrabani Lila Mahagna Refaat Massalha Raul Colodner Orna Tzischinsky |
| author_facet | Efrat Barel Shosh Shahrabani Lila Mahagna Refaat Massalha Raul Colodner Orna Tzischinsky |
| author_sort | Efrat Barel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Procrastination is prevalent among students, as well as the general population, and has negative impacts on various domains. Several models aimed to understand factors associated with procrastination, with some suggesting that anxiety plays a significant role. Biological factors have been shown to contribute to individual differences in procrastination; however, little attention has been paid to the role of neuroendocrine factors on procrastination. The primary question addressed in the present study is whether neuroendocrine factors (testosterone and cortisol) moderate the association between state anxiety and procrastination. Eighty-eight participants (29 men; 32 women using oral contraceptives; and 27 women not using oral contraceptives and in their luteal phase) were tested for biomarkers and completed questionnaires. Results show that state anxiety is positively correlated with procrastination. Furthermore, testosterone levels moderate the correlation between state anxiety and procrastination. As testosterone levels drop, the positive correlation between state anxiety and procrastination becomes stronger, but when testosterone levels are higher, no significant association between state anxiety and procrastination is found. Cortisol levels do not moderate the relationship between state anxiety and procrastination. The role of neuroendocrine factors for psychological outcomes is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:55:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b9655c75f244fb5a514e9b795dc3855 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:55:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b9655c75f244fb5a514e9b795dc38552023-11-17T09:37:31ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2023-02-0113320410.3390/bs13030204State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine FactorsEfrat Barel0Shosh Shahrabani1Lila Mahagna2Refaat Massalha3Raul Colodner4Orna Tzischinsky5Department of Behavioral Sciences, The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel 1930000, IsraelDepartment of Economics and Management, The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel 1930000, IsraelEndocrinology Laboratory, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1855701, IsraelEndocrinology Laboratory, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1855701, IsraelEndocrinology Laboratory, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1855701, IsraelDepartment of Behavioral Sciences, The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel 1930000, IsraelProcrastination is prevalent among students, as well as the general population, and has negative impacts on various domains. Several models aimed to understand factors associated with procrastination, with some suggesting that anxiety plays a significant role. Biological factors have been shown to contribute to individual differences in procrastination; however, little attention has been paid to the role of neuroendocrine factors on procrastination. The primary question addressed in the present study is whether neuroendocrine factors (testosterone and cortisol) moderate the association between state anxiety and procrastination. Eighty-eight participants (29 men; 32 women using oral contraceptives; and 27 women not using oral contraceptives and in their luteal phase) were tested for biomarkers and completed questionnaires. Results show that state anxiety is positively correlated with procrastination. Furthermore, testosterone levels moderate the correlation between state anxiety and procrastination. As testosterone levels drop, the positive correlation between state anxiety and procrastination becomes stronger, but when testosterone levels are higher, no significant association between state anxiety and procrastination is found. Cortisol levels do not moderate the relationship between state anxiety and procrastination. The role of neuroendocrine factors for psychological outcomes is discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/3/204procrastinationstate anxietytestosteronecortisol |
| spellingShingle | Efrat Barel Shosh Shahrabani Lila Mahagna Refaat Massalha Raul Colodner Orna Tzischinsky State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors Behavioral Sciences procrastination state anxiety testosterone cortisol |
| title | State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors |
| title_full | State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors |
| title_fullStr | State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors |
| title_short | State Anxiety and Procrastination: The Moderating Role of Neuroendocrine Factors |
| title_sort | state anxiety and procrastination the moderating role of neuroendocrine factors |
| topic | procrastination state anxiety testosterone cortisol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/3/204 |
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