Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

The study assessed petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria, focusing on the Cretaceous sediments. Reservoirs comprise Lokoja and Patti Formation sandstones, while shales, claystone, and siltstone serve as source rocks and stratigraphic traps/seals. Detailed studies delineating the key...

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Main Authors: Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon, Felix Iwebunor Chinyem, Tope Shade Alege, Brume Overare, Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru, Ikenna Arisi Obasi, Ernest Orji Akudo, Azuka Ocheli, Jeremiah Ayok, Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh, Elesius Okey Akpunonu, Mu'awiya Baba Aminu, Bashir Ozovehe Aminu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2024-07-01
Series:Energy Geoscience
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266675922400009X
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author Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon
Felix Iwebunor Chinyem
Tope Shade Alege
Brume Overare
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru
Ikenna Arisi Obasi
Ernest Orji Akudo
Azuka Ocheli
Jeremiah Ayok
Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh
Elesius Okey Akpunonu
Mu'awiya Baba Aminu
Bashir Ozovehe Aminu
author_facet Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon
Felix Iwebunor Chinyem
Tope Shade Alege
Brume Overare
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru
Ikenna Arisi Obasi
Ernest Orji Akudo
Azuka Ocheli
Jeremiah Ayok
Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh
Elesius Okey Akpunonu
Mu'awiya Baba Aminu
Bashir Ozovehe Aminu
author_sort Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon
collection DOAJ
description The study assessed petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria, focusing on the Cretaceous sediments. Reservoirs comprise Lokoja and Patti Formation sandstones, while shales, claystone, and siltstone serve as source rocks and stratigraphic traps/seals. Detailed studies delineating the key elements of the petroleum systems in the basin have not been conducted due to a lack of subsurface data. The goal of the current study was to use field observations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and geochemical and geomechanical data to evaluate key components of petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin. The results presented in this investigation are intended to attain specific objectives, especially those lacking in the basin's study sections. Petrophysical analysis revealed that the Lokoja Sandstone has porosity of 37%–39.5% and moderate permeability of 23.22–42.29 mD. The Patti Formation sandstone reservoirs exhibited high porosity (38%–42%) and moderate to good permeability (31.54–66.48 mD), suggesting good potential reservoirs. SEM results revealed intragranular pores and micro-fractures in the Patti Shale, whereas the sandstone reservoirs in the Lokoja and Patti formations displayed fractures, facilitating hydrocarbon migration. Quartz was the dominant mineral in the sandstone units of both formations. XRD analysis revealed that brittle and clay minerals influenced the microstructure of Patti Shale. Geochemical analysis indicated promising petroleum potential in the Patti Shale, with a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 1.87 wt%, free hydrocarbon from kerogen (S1) of 0.41 mg/g, hydrogen index (HI) of 0.75 mg HC/g TOC, and production index (PI) of 0.17. The Patti and Lokoja formations' shale, claystone, and siltstone exhibited sealing potential, with a plasticity index of 24–35 and coefficient permeability of 2.8 × 10−4- 3.6 × 10−4 cm/s. Field studies, XRD, geochemical data, and geomechanical index values have confirmed the key components of the petroleum system, which in turn facilitate hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, and entrapment in the basin.
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spelling doaj.art-1b97f7813c66481ab9a9333ba46888832024-03-16T05:09:23ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Energy Geoscience2666-75922024-07-0153100294Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, NigeriaGodwin Okumagbe Aigbadon0Felix Iwebunor Chinyem1Tope Shade Alege2Brume Overare3Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru4Ikenna Arisi Obasi5Ernest Orji Akudo6Azuka Ocheli7Jeremiah Ayok8Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh9Elesius Okey Akpunonu10Mu'awiya Baba Aminu11Bashir Ozovehe Aminu12Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada; Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, NigeriaDepartment of Geology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaThe study assessed petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria, focusing on the Cretaceous sediments. Reservoirs comprise Lokoja and Patti Formation sandstones, while shales, claystone, and siltstone serve as source rocks and stratigraphic traps/seals. Detailed studies delineating the key elements of the petroleum systems in the basin have not been conducted due to a lack of subsurface data. The goal of the current study was to use field observations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and geochemical and geomechanical data to evaluate key components of petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin. The results presented in this investigation are intended to attain specific objectives, especially those lacking in the basin's study sections. Petrophysical analysis revealed that the Lokoja Sandstone has porosity of 37%–39.5% and moderate permeability of 23.22–42.29 mD. The Patti Formation sandstone reservoirs exhibited high porosity (38%–42%) and moderate to good permeability (31.54–66.48 mD), suggesting good potential reservoirs. SEM results revealed intragranular pores and micro-fractures in the Patti Shale, whereas the sandstone reservoirs in the Lokoja and Patti formations displayed fractures, facilitating hydrocarbon migration. Quartz was the dominant mineral in the sandstone units of both formations. XRD analysis revealed that brittle and clay minerals influenced the microstructure of Patti Shale. Geochemical analysis indicated promising petroleum potential in the Patti Shale, with a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 1.87 wt%, free hydrocarbon from kerogen (S1) of 0.41 mg/g, hydrogen index (HI) of 0.75 mg HC/g TOC, and production index (PI) of 0.17. The Patti and Lokoja formations' shale, claystone, and siltstone exhibited sealing potential, with a plasticity index of 24–35 and coefficient permeability of 2.8 × 10−4- 3.6 × 10−4 cm/s. Field studies, XRD, geochemical data, and geomechanical index values have confirmed the key components of the petroleum system, which in turn facilitate hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, and entrapment in the basin.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266675922400009XGeochemical analysisPlasticity indexSource rockReservoir rockStratigraphic trapBida Basin
spellingShingle Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon
Felix Iwebunor Chinyem
Tope Shade Alege
Brume Overare
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru
Ikenna Arisi Obasi
Ernest Orji Akudo
Azuka Ocheli
Jeremiah Ayok
Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh
Elesius Okey Akpunonu
Mu'awiya Baba Aminu
Bashir Ozovehe Aminu
Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
Energy Geoscience
Geochemical analysis
Plasticity index
Source rock
Reservoir rock
Stratigraphic trap
Bida Basin
title Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
title_full Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
title_fullStr Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
title_short Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems: Insights from the southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
title_sort outcrops as windows to petroleum systems insights from the southern bida basin nigeria
topic Geochemical analysis
Plasticity index
Source rock
Reservoir rock
Stratigraphic trap
Bida Basin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266675922400009X
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